1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
天空中出现了一群可爱的小精灵。哦!那是春姑娘派来的使者——柳絮!
柳絮是柳树妈妈最心爱的宝贝,它们的感情非常深厚。风儿督促着柳絮宝宝们该走了,它们还在和柳树依依不舍地告别,仿佛有千言万语要对妈妈说。
瞧!柳絮宝宝们三五成群,在空中玩耍。有的柳絮高傲地仰着头,身着半透明的纱裙,裙子上镶嵌着洁白的绒毛,看见同类就“转一圈”,好像在炫耀自己那美丽的纱裙;有的柳絮飞到高高的空中,仿佛要和白云媲美;有的柳絮不管三七二十一,只要见到人的脸,就立马贴上去不愿离开;有的时不时还会钻到鼻子里,让人打一个大喷嚏;有的柳絮看见了草地,就降落在小草上,吮着露珠晒着太阳,不一会儿便沉沉地睡了过去,好不自在;还有的飞到花丛中,好似被姹紫嫣红的花朵迷了眼,躺在花瓣上享受和花儿在一起的时光……
柳絮宝宝走累了,困得不得了,它一会儿飘到这里,一会儿飘到那里,好像在找落脚的地方。飞得高高的柳絮宝宝眼皮发酸,小声嘀咕:“好困啊!”说着,便一骨碌滚到软绵绵的白云上进入了梦乡;缠人的柳絮宝宝被行人浇了点水,身子一软便瘫倒在路边,晕了过去;草丛中的柳絮宝宝,静静地躺着,远远望去,仿佛一幅单调的绿色油画有了绒绒的白点的镶嵌,更有了奇妙的色彩;而花丛中的柳絮宝宝呢,它们沉浸在沁人心脾的花香中,久久不可自拔。看,这就是“万花丛中一点白”!
柳絮宝宝,真是爱睡觉啊!
我家有一只小仓鼠,名叫“汤圆”,黄中带白的毛,胖嘟嘟的身子,缩起来活像一个汤圆。
汤圆无聊时,就会玩起转轮,胖胖的身子钻进小小的转轮,显得特别拥挤。只见汤圆扭动身子,四只小脚跑起来,“咕噜噜、咕噜噜”,转轮飞快地转了起来。不转时,汤圆又玩起了新花招“倒挂金钩”。只见汤圆爬上转轮的“屋顶”,两只后脚勾在铁丝上,两只前脚不停地晃动,就像一个秋千在空中摇摇晃晃。
汤圆还会装死。有一次,我们家小狗嗅了嗅汤圆,想用爪子去抓它。汤圆一见大事不妙,突然眼睛紧闭,身体一动不动,倒在了地上。小狗冲着汤圆“汪汪”叫了几声,它还是没有反应。我看见了就用手去抓汤圆,谁知它“呼”地像一阵风似的钻进了棉花里。原来刚才它是在装死呀!
有一次,我给汤圆一小根胡萝卜,汤圆立马吃了起来。我总觉得汤圆的腮帮子越来越鼓,最后萝卜还剩一小截时,它竟然整个吞了下去。哇!说实话现在汤圆的腮帮子比身体还要宽,看起来像眼镜蛇。我去摸了摸,里面还有胡萝卜碎片呢。我又看了一会儿,只见汤圆后脚挤左边的那个腮帮子,居然从嘴巴里吐出了一些胡萝卜碎片,然后用前脚捧起来继续吃。过了一会儿,另外一个腮帮子里的食物也被挤了出来。原来,仓鼠的腮帮子还可以用来储存食物啊!
看,这就是汤圆。怎么样,和你家的仓鼠一样吗?
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
好不容易迎来了一个星期天,妈妈带我去动物园玩。
这里的动物可真多,有美丽的孔雀、笨重的狗熊、凶猛的老虎,还有身体庞大的大象……我最喜欢顽皮的猴子了,就不停地催促妈妈快去猴山。
猴山上猴子真不少,猴子们上蹿下跳、你来我往,好不热闹。它们有的在玩荡秋千,有的在争抢游客扔的食物,有的在山上追逐打闹,不时地传出叽叽哇哇的叫声。只见一只小猴子从山洞里窜出来,向山下跑去。紧接着,一只猴妈妈模样的老猴子从山洞里追出来,一把抓住小猴子的尾巴,硬是把小猴子给拖了回来。可小猴子真是太贪玩了,总是想逃,但猴妈妈却紧紧抓住它的尾巴,丝毫不肯放松。可怜的小猴子急得叽叽直叫,尾巴上的毛都被拽掉了。看到这儿,我不禁有点怪猴妈妈的狠心了。
围着猴山转一圈,不断可以见到有人向猴子们扔食物,食物多的地方自然也就成了猴子们打斗的场所。瞧那两只猴子,它们可真有意思!一只猴子抢起玉米棒啃上两口,然后把玉米棒夹在怀里赶紧向远处跑,找到了个偏僻的角落吃起来。
另一只猴子趁其不备,一把将它的玉米棒打掉在地上,还朝它踢了一脚,捡起玉米棒溜之大吉!被踢的猴子满脸怒火,立刻向“侵略者”追去。那个“侵略者”显然实力强大,气急败坏赶来的那只猴子不仅没有讨回棒子,反而又被踹了一脚。受害的一方自知不是人家的对手,于是就甘愿败下阵来,灰溜溜地离开,去找别的食物了。来看热闹的一群小猴子也都因为战斗结束而走开了,而几只贪吃的大猴子却经受不住这美味的诱惑,想冲上去较量一番……
没想到,动物界中也会发生如此惨烈的争斗,真是“弱肉强食,适者生存”呀!
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