当which引导的定语从句指代主句全部内容时,可以把which改为it,作形式主语,把原来的主句改成正在主语。或者把定语从句的整个信息改换为名词短语作主语,使原来的定语从句变成简单句。
例4: He indulges himself all day in computer games, which makes his parents extremely sad.
改为:It makes his parents extremely sad that he indulges himself all day in computer games.
他整天沉湎于电脑游戏,这使他父母伤心至极。(主语从句
或者:His indulgence in computer games all day makes his parents extremely sad. (名词短语
1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us (that they would help us through the whole work.
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在whether … or not结构中不能用if替换。例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
如果定语从句的时态与主句的时态具有同时性(包括谓语有情态动词或之后性,则可以用“关系代词或关系副词+不定式”来简化,或直接用“不定式”来修饰先行词。要注意的是,此时的不定式一定要是及物动词,如果是不及物,则需要在动词后面加上相应的介词,使之成为及物动词短语。这个结尾的介词可以提前到关系代词前面,也可以继续留在句尾。前者是正式说法,后者是非正式说法。
例1:We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in which they could play in.
我们搬到了乡下,好让孩子们有个花园在里面玩。
改为:We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in which to play.
或者:We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden to play in.
例2:He felt miserable unless he had neighbors (whomhe could quarrel with.
他要是没有可以吵架的邻居就难受。
改为:He felt miserable unless he had neighbors with whom to quarrel.
或者:He felt miserable unless he had neighbors to quarrel with.
例3: The conference which will be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success. 计划在今天下午举行的会议一定会取得成功。
改为:The conference which to be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success.
或者:The conference to be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success.
例4:At a ceremony in Honolulu on Dec. 29, Postmaster General John E. Potter gave a preview of the Lunar New Year Commemorative Stamps Souvenir Sheet, the grand finale of the Lunar Year stamp series, which will be available in 2005.
12月29日,美国邮政总局局长约翰·E·波特在檀香山从句了农历新年的纪念邮票小型张的揭幕仪式,这枚小型张将于2005年正式发行,它为农历新年的系列纪念邮票写下了完美的结局。(注意:与定语从句一样,也可以采用非限制性形式
改为:At a ceremony in Honolulu on Dec. 29, Postmaster General John E. Potter gave a preview of the Lunar New Year Commemorative Stamps Souvenir Sheet, the grand finale of the Lunar Year stamp series, to be available in 2005.
李含同学:
你好!
我是莒县第一实验小学五年级一班的赵**,十分想与你交往,做朋友,探讨“手拉手”活动。
我是一个活泼开朗的男孩,现担任本班班长。我是一名全面发展的学生,爱好弹钢琴、听音乐、练书法、打扑克、看书等。如果你也有这些方面的爱好,欢迎你和我一起交流啊!同时,我还十分向往那种绿草如茵、鲜花盛开、高山流水、时刻都能呼吸着新鲜空气的自然环境。你们乡村,既不落后,又座落在大自然的怀抱中,两全其美,令我羡慕不已。
最近我们学校开展了“好书传友情,爱心共进步”的社会公益活动,把自己不看的书捐出来,送给西部贫困山区的孩子。我积极参与,捐出了一本很有意义的《森林报》。希望你也能参与一些这样的活动,把爱心献出来,为山区孩子撑起一片天。
我妈妈的老家就在你们东莞。那里有妈妈的童年,也有我的童年。我曾经体验过乡村田地里的生活,那对于我们这些城区孩子来说,真是太新鲜了。因此,我建议你也来城区逛逛吧。千年古刹定林寺、美丽的沭河公园、博物馆、文化街,好多景点等着你呢!等我们建立联系后,我可以去你们那里体验放羊吗?
另外,咱们还可以向大城市里的同学们手拉手。和他们交流,可以懂得更多知识,可以了解更多新鲜的事物,让祖国的大地处处充满生机。
我从姥姥那里了解到,你们一个个都是十分勤奋的孩子,每天都会帮家长干一些家务活、农活。一提到这里,我就会惭愧不已。爸爸妈妈每次让我干活,我都想偷懒,偶尔心血来潮,也只是帮妈妈擦擦桌子,扫扫地。我会在这点上向你们学习的!
期待你的回信,希望这封信是我们友谊的桥梁,让祖国的未来更加美好!
祝你学习进步,快乐成长!
远方的朋友:赵**
**年**月**日
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.