导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
敬爱的张老师﹕
您好!
回顾这六年,与您相处,也有整整两年了。您是严肃的,却又是那么的温柔,您是勤勤恳恳的,却又是那么的美丽可亲。纵使您对我们的要求是比较严厉的,可是我们还是喜欢您,爱戴您,这并不是假话,而是从心眼儿里这么觉得的。“春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。”这分明是对您的评价啊!
记得五年级那年,数学被抽到要调研考试,您非常的重视,您费心费力的为我们找重点、找易错的题目,让几个同学出在黑板上,给我们讲解。您讲得很仔细,尽量放慢语调,为的,只是让我们每个人都能真正懂得这道题。黑板上出着密密麻麻的题目,而您,也滔滔不绝地讲解着,不曾停歇,不曾喘过一口气,您一站,就站了整整几十分钟啊!我知道,您不是机器,您肯定很疲惫,可是,为了我们,您一直坚持着。
可您毕竟是有血有肉的人啊,人,在过度劳累的状态下,也会垮的。某一天,您神色难过地跟我们说,您,双腿里含有大量积水,医生建议您不要走动,在家好好养着,不要工作了。您也很遗憾,说会有代课老师来帮助我们复习。第二天,一个老师朝我们走来,那哪儿是什么代课老师啊,分明是您!您一瘸一拐地向我们走来,依然如平日一般尽心尽力地为我们讲解题目,您依然站着,望着您那匀称的双腿,我的心里,充满了对您的感激。您为了我们,为了我们能取得令自己满意的成绩,把自己的腿伤抛之脑后,不顾一切,如此高尚的师德,怎能不体现您是一位热爱工作、喜爱学生的好老师?千言万语化成一句话:谢谢您,张老师!谢谢您的不辞辛劳,真的,感谢您!
这两年,我们师生之间已经有了太多美好的回忆:秋游上的欢声笑语,运动会上的团结一致,公开课上的活跃气氛……哦,您给了我们如此之多,如此之多珍贵的回忆,我们怎能不爱您?张老师,您知道吗?我们全班31个人,31颗心,31份心意,全都在对您诉说着:张老师,我们爱您!待到我们这一只只稚嫩脆弱的雏鹰成长成能飞向广阔天空的苍鹰之时,我们一定会回到母校,感谢您的谆谆教诲,感谢您的循循善诱,感谢您给予我们的温暖,然后骄傲的说一声:我们是张老师的学生!怀揣着我们师生之间美好的回忆,我们会越走越远,但,我们是不会忘记您的,我们会永远铭记,我们之间浓浓的师生情。
祝:
您工作顺利,身体健康,幸福快乐!
发信的日期可写在具名的后边,也可以另起一行。
一、称呼:要根据写信人与收信人之间的关系来决定。例文的作者是写给表姐“小溪”的,所以称呼是“小溪姐姐”。
小学生与收信人的关系大体可分为两种:自己与长辈,自己与平辈。如果是长辈亲属,只写称谓即可,如“姑妈”、“舅舅”等,不必写姓氏;如果不是亲属,则应在称呼前加上姓氏或姓名,如“宋姨”、“刘海叔叔”等。平辈之间,一般要在称呼前加上姓名或名字,如“赵孟彤同学”、“欣禹妹妹”等。还可以在“称呼”前加上“尊敬的”“想念的”等修饰词语,表达自己对收信人的某种感情。
称呼是书信的开头,要顶格写。称呼后面要加冒号。
二、问候语:如果收信人是长辈,可以写“您好”;或“身体好吗”等;如果收信人是平辈,可以写“你好”;如果收信人不是一个人,一般写“你们好”或“大家好”,不可以写“您们好”(“您”后面不能加“们”)。
问候语另起一行,空两格写。
三、正文:这是书信的主要部分,要直截了当地把要告诉对方的内容条理清楚地写下来,要写出真情实感。如果要说的事情不止一件,应每件事写一段。书信不要使用华丽的词语,更不能言不由衷。
正文可以紧接问候语写,也可以另起一行空两格写。
四、祝愿语:正文写完后,通常要向对方表示致敬或祝福。另起一行,空两格写“此致”或“祝你”,再另起一行顶格写“敬礼”或“健康”等祝福的话。同学之间,祝愿语可以写“祝你学习进步”之类的内容。
五、署名:在信纸的右下方写上自己的名字,前面还可以注明自己的身份,如“学生崔琳”、“侄儿宏洋”等。
六、日期:把写信的具体时间写在署名的正下方,应写清年月日(不写年份是错误的),以备收信人日后查阅。
写完信,填写好信封,贴足邮票,就可以寄出了。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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