1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
I tried my best to calm down for a long time. Then I went to the platform to begin my prepared speech.
I felt my brain was blank when I was having my speech.
Before the election, I was confident for this position, but I still so nervous when I was in the platform. Thanks for preparing in advance; otherwise, I must be embarrassed. But the result was what I want. It’s a happy thing.
今天,我们班竞选班长了。`我成为了新的\'班长。我很高兴,不过我现在仍然很紧张。竞选开始的时候,我好紧张,我都可以听到我的心怦怦跳了。我努力了很长一段时间才平静下来。然后我才走向讲台开始我已经准备好的演讲。在演讲的时候,我觉得我的大脑一片空白。在竞选之前,我对这一职位是很有信心,但当我站在讲台上时还是很紧张。幸好提前准备了;否则,我肯定很难堪。不过结果却是我想要的。这是一件值得开心的事
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
“你没去过江南。”茉这样告诉我,“你这样写得很诗意,但太假了。”我读到这位水乡女孩眼中一丝冰冷而火热的倔强。是吗?我也有些迷茫,何为江南?
终于有幸去了一次苏州。是特有的江南意蕴,恬静,安宁。微醺的午后,母亲领着我穿梭于大街小巷。没有我想象中的清洌河水穿城蜿蜒,更没有一叶扁舟悠悠荡荡。走进了这座城,我才发现,诗人的词句显得那样刻意。
走着走着,远远看见街角处坐着一个人。走近了才看清,是位卖糖葫芦的老人。一时心血来潮,与母亲买了两串,又在一旁卖豆腐脑的摊子上坐下。
老人已年过花甲了吧!他有着因长年日晒而略显沧桑的古铜色脸庞,眼角眉梢间却堆着笑。疏疏垂着白胡须,神情显得迷糊而柔软,没什么顾客,他便抽上一支烟。
这边,热气腾腾的豆腐脑端上来了,摊主是个四十几岁的女人,头上松松盘了个髻。身上系着蓝暗格布围裙,笑着用夹生的普通话招呼我们,没有想象中妙龄女子的吴音侬语,听着却叫人安心。
“爷爷!”清脆的童音滑过耳畔,一个扎着羊角小辫的女娃蹦蹦跳跳地走来,身后一位五十多岁的大妈嗔怪着追上来,在老人面前停下,爽朗一笑:“孩子淘气,来一串糖葫芦吧!”末了,伸手掏出一张纸币递给老人。女娃却一把夺过来,攥得紧紧的放到老人手里。老人哈哈大笑起来,爱怜地摸摸女娃的脑袋,抽出一支糖葫芦塞在她手里:“可抓好了哇,不然没得吃喽!”大妈也咧开嘴,俯身拍拍那孩子的后背,轻声哄道:“回家吧。”随后冲老人笑笑,转身离去。
抿上一勺温热的豆腐脑,听着听着完全听不懂的苏州方言,望着空明的阳光下安详的老人,活泼的孩童,仿佛有一种走近了这座城的心灵感应,才知道,真正的江南,并不仅仅是那幽深的雨巷里走来的丁香一样的姑娘,也不仅仅是月落乌啼霜满天的枫桥,更多的,是这平常生活里的琐碎恬淡。因为,这,才是真正的生活。
走近了,我才知道。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
如果说童年是天蓝色的——因为它的纯洁与明净,如果说暮年是黑色的——因为它是漫漫人生道路的尽头,那么青春是什么颜色的呢?
青春是粉红色的。
因为在青春的岁月里,有着太多太多的希望和梦,那是粉红色的梦一浪漫清新而瑰丽。那梦,没有饱经风霜后的沧桑与深沉,没有久历世事后的成熟与理性,没有无情岁月的束缚和羁绊,只是那温和明朗、无拘无束的粉红色。
暮年时期的果戈理就曾说过:“不说别的,光是拥有未来,青年们就够幸福的了。”然而,我们这些正拥有青春的人,似乎没有感到如此幸福。很多人只是把青春的资本沉浸在青春的梦中,而不去为这些梦奋斗,乃至这些梦犹如肥皂泡一般,随着青春的流逝而消失得无影无踪。
青春是绿色的。
你见过那在明媚的春光下生长的新绿的幼苗吗?你见过树梢头那一簇簇在春风中轻舞的嫩芽吗?青春的绿色,是春天里幼苗的绿、嫩芽的绿,朝气蓬勃,生机饱满。李大钊说:“青春者,人生之王,人生之春,人生之华也。”英国物理学家麦克斯韦15岁发表第一篇科学论文;王维17岁就写出了《九月九日忆山东兄弟》这首脍炙人口的诗篇;恩格斯19岁就学会了25种外国语言……正是这青春时期的播种与耕耘,正是这青春时期绿色的激情,造就了这些科学家、文学家、政治家伟大的一生。
青春也可以是灰色的。
因为我们缺乏理性,我们稍有收获便沾沾自喜;我们一次又一次地犯错误;十字路口,我们常常徘徊不定……当然,上帝是容许年轻人犯错误的,因为正是一次次地犯错误,我们得到学习,得到成熟,得到理性。有这样一首诗:“别等太阳已经高挂,才进入今天;别等花已凋谢,才来珍惜;别等机会远去,才来痛心。等,只会等白我们的少年头;等,只会让我们错过播种和收获的季节……”我要再加上一句:别等青春已经流逝,才睁开眼睛寻找青春的颜色;等,只会让我们蹉跎一生,后悔莫及。
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