Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
自从结婚后,老婆一直在家带孩子,照顾家,自己在外面打拼做生意,不想老婆受累和委屈,想只要把这个家打理好,孩子培养好就没事,自己就知足,也许是自己的疏忽,也许是由于业务忙平时应酬多,如果不是朋友的`提醒真的没有发现两人之间发生了什么,当把自己的疑问说出来后,老婆居然理直气壮说:自己也想有一个陪,想有人给予呵护和疼爱,除了需要钱但内心的那份缺失没有谁能够满足,也是在自己空虚寂寞时在网上认识了他,因为对方能说会道,让自己找到一种初恋的感觉,自己也清楚不该这样,要在家相夫教子,要为孩子负责,也要考虑老公的感受,平时把孩子送到学校后就没有多少事,又懒得出门,也就是在这个时候让自己碰上对方,找到一份情感寄托,自己也明白这份情感是个无厘头,是一个没有结果的许诺,但真的让自己难以自拔。
类似的案例生活中经常遇到,男主外女主内看似很平淡的生活,如果婚姻中的两个人没有用心经营和呵护,出现这样那样的问题也是必然,回头看看身边的婚姻纠结,不论是出轨还是婚外情还是在外面养二奶或情人,何尝不是婚姻中出现问题,苍蝇不叮没缝的蛋,当彼此间沟通不畅,相处不协调时,只是用所谓的冷漠或自己想当然的方式来处理,在内心孤寂和空虚中出现情感异常也是可以理解的,婚姻出轨不是男人的专利当然也不是女人的喜好,如何化解彼此间的隔阂,如何打理好自己的婚姻,找回属于自己的幸福和快乐,需要当事人用心来呵护,在抱怨和指责对方不能理解和读懂自己时,给自己时间静下心想想,自己在婚姻中做了什么,自己正在做什么,自己需要去做什么?问问自己,有一天在外面找到心仪的情人时真的是自己需要的吗?在激情过后,享受浪漫刺激后又会留下什么?
不要为自己的出轨找理由和借口,当初两人信誓旦旦走到一起,给予彼此太多承诺时何尝不是一样拥有很多理由,究竟是什么原因让自己如此随意抛弃个人的主见,爱真的就是这样简单,说爱就爱,说不爱就没有了爱,没有必要拿自己的情感来给自己开玩笑,因为在这份情感中最终受伤的不会是别人,在自身伤得遍体鳞伤时留下的也是无尽的伤痛和遗憾,还有自己深爱的孩子和家人,在自己做出选择前记得问问自己,是否真的准备好了呢?
其实,在实际生活中,每个人一生都难以避免和经受各种挫折与磨难。人生所受挫折与磨难,无非是学业不佳、工作不尽心意,或者是个人无名无利,家庭关系不合,要么再就是不幸患有重病、绝症,甚至身残、肢体不全等等。从某种角度来讲,人生的挫折与磨难是永恒的。然而,挫折与磨难绝对不是失败,失败也绝对不是人生和事业的终结,它们只不过是万里长征中的一条大渡河、一座大雪山,一块沼泽地,一片荒草原。
世间逆境是达到真理的一条坚实之路,而人间奇迹却时常在厄运中频频产生。挫折可以使人清醒,磨难定能锤炼人的意志。看起来令人讨嫌的艰难考量,也许就是苍天为人们设置的通过“八卦炉”之炼的有益经历。
翻开世界伟人的传记,有几个人没有经受过挫折的碰撞;查看世界名人的资料,有几个人没有经历过磨难的袭击。政治伟人的“三落三起”;音乐大师的“命运交响曲”;科技奇才的“身残志不残”;以顽强的毅力克服自身缺陷,创作出令世人赞不绝口的“千手观音”美妙舞姿。
看来,一个人在遇到挫折或者经受磨难之时,最重要的是不能自我否定,不能自我践踏;不能失落失志,更不能怨天尤人;要明白黑夜之后是黎明,还要懂得雨过天晴后的彩虹更加绚艳美丽。西方心理学家塞缪尔有句:“一个人养成凡事往好处想的习惯,比每年赚一千万还有价值”,从而可见人的精神力量之大。自强不息,坦然面对生活中的挫折和磨难,善待生命,善待自己。台湾歌手所演唱的《水手》确实令人深受教育,每当我听到那坚强中带点凄凉的歌声,每当我想到那“风雨中这点苦算什么”的`催人奋进的歌词,不由得热泪盈眶,同时也激发了一股奋发向上的满身正气。
相反,一个人如果适逢大好机遇,就飘飘然然,忘乎所以,似乎万事皆顺,便指手划脚,呼风唤雨,可谓名利双得,心花怒放。但是,往往悲从喜出,祸从天降;人生得意,容易忘形;骄傲自负,唯我自尊;目中无人,不可一世,很难对自己作出一个正确评价。这样,就容易偏离人生的正确轨迹,就会不知不觉地陷入社会的沼泽地中,难以自拔,最终被泥浆所淹没。
无数事例证明,一个人只要在有限的生命中,为社会,为国家,为大众做出了自己的奉献,就是尽到了人生的责任。
当然,人人希望成才,何为人才,人们通常的观念是:大学生、研究生、博士生;工程师、科学家等等。不错,这些人确是国家的人才。但是,实践出真理,同样实践出人才。凡是通过学习及实践成为本职工作的行家里手、能工巧匠,凡是在丰富的社会实践中总结归纳出工作的系统,并为社会创造出一定的物质或者精神成果,对社会作出了一定的贡献,都是国家的栋梁之才,都不愧为中华民族的精英人才。
社会经济的发展,商品市场的熏陶,现在的人们务实的多了,浮躁的人数也有所增大,这并不奇怪。在一个社会转型时期,应该算是一个正常现象。
然而,一个人在任何时候不能没有理想,不能失去人生目标。化挫折为燃料,化磨难为动力,坦荡面对人生,笑看世间风云,千万不要计较个人的名利得失。该得到的终会得到,不该得的绝对不要。否则,就会适得其反,甚至引火烧身。
惟有这样,人生的事业才能蓬勃发展,兴旺发达;惟有这样,人们才能经得起挫折与磨难风浪的考验,在人生的航海中永远鼓起前进的风帆。
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