1)笔记本。
成册笔记本可用来抄原文、写提纲、记心得、写综述。长处是便于保存,缺点是不便分类,但可按类单独成册。
2)活页本。
可用来记各种各样笔记。便于分类,节约纸张和日后查阅。
3)卡片。
好处便于分类,可按目排列,便于灵活调动又节省纸张,但篇幅小,内容不宜长。
4)剪报。
把报纸和有用资料剪下来,长文章可贴在笔记本或活页本上,短小材料可贴在卡片上。剪报材料可加评注,也可分类张贴,要注明出处,以便使用。
5)全文复印。
重要读书材料,为保持完整性,可全文复印编目分类留用。
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
即将书中或文章中一些重要观点、精彩警辟语句,有用数据和材料摘抄下来,目的是积累各种资料,为科研、教学、学习和工作作好准备。可按原书或原文系统摘录;也可摘录重要论点和段落;还可摘录重要数字。
1400年前的更新时期便进化出了最早的狼——恐狼。听到这名字便足以让人感到恐惧,身长16米,体重可达70多公斤,矫健的身躯给它极大地生存能力,同时狼做为群体动物,有了其它动物所没有的'群体力量。它们总是挑选西方马、野牛等大型动物来进行追捕,头狼勇敢无敌总是冲在最前面,这就是领袖的作用。恐狼给科学家留下了英勇、团结、互帮互助的看法。
生活中原野中的狼崽原野人眼中是可耻的,它们总是偷取羊羔,偷取他们的神。
茫茫大草原中有许多草原狼,虽然它们也会猎***羊群,但它们在蒙古人眼中狼是腾格里(天)派下来保护草原的,狼没了,草原也保不住了,狼没了,蒙古人的灵魂也就上不了天了,所以蒙古老人从来不对狼斩尽***绝,因为草原狼的集体观念特强,绝不会让弟兄和家人吃亏,在草原,狼既是牧民的仇敌,又是牧民尤其是老牧民心中敬畏的神灵和图腾,是他们灵魂升天的载体。
在我的眼中狼会打近战、夜战、奔袭站、游击战、运动战,而且它们是智慧、尊严、独立、坚韧强悍的。就算狼的种类再多,它们也还是狼,永远是我心中的榜样。
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