Christmas Day falls on the twenty-fifth of December.It is a very happy day for many boys and girls .Before the term ends in some schools ,the children act a nativity or “birth” play,showing how Jesus was born in a stable.
On the twenty-fourth of December,all children are very excited.Usually they are sent to bed early so that their parents can get the presents ready.The younger children think that Father Christmas will come down the chimney or fireplace ,so they hang up a sock for him to put presents in.The greedy ones even hang up a pillow-case or a sack to try to get more presents.Later that night,Father or Mother will put presents in the sock,and leave others at the side of the bed.
On Christmas morning,the children wake up very early.Some even turn on the light at two o'clock,and most of them are awake by six o'clock although it is not light in England for another hour or two at this time of the year.Children look for their presents,and the young ones play while the dinner is prepared.At about one o'clock in the afternoon,the Christmas dinner is brought in.The turkey or chicken is quickly eaten.Children search in their Christmas pudding for new coins which are hidden in it.The rest of the day is full of games and eating until the happiest of all Christmas hollidays comes to an end.
Dear Santa Claus:
Howdy!Arrive the Christmas festival soon again, did you want to" go to work" again?Would you still ride the floret deer trailer to come this time?
Can you arrive at my bed front?Do you put previous lists to line up the dry skates in the socks, like?I liked it too, putting on it many cool!
Can you arrive at the kid sister younger sister's bed front?Sing a lullaby for her at the time of she cry, coax her to enter the beautiful dream country quickly and quickly.
You can stop in the sky, to a peaceful seed?The people of now needed it too, for the sake of these the innocent peoples, letting them feel the sweet.
Santa Claus, you which the gift that come?You are how can anyone know the children demand what?
Wish you:
Happy every day!Healthy longevity!
作为当今最有影响力之一的语言学理论,功能语法以社会学为导向,着重语言的功能性研究。其创始人韩礼德从儿童和成人的语言学习角度将语言功能高度理论化。根据韩的观点,儿童所使用的最原始的语言能够被简概为一套高度编码且抽象的功能,其中包含三个元功能(纯理功能):概念功能(ideational function),人际功能(interpersonal function)以及语篇功能(textualfunction)[1]。概念功能进一步被细化为和逻辑功能,表述在我们周围及自身所发生的事情,称之为“内容(content)”。概念功能通过及物性(transitivity)来实现,及物性由六个过程组成,即物质过程,心理过程,关系过程,行为过程,言语过程和存在过程。
功能语法把用来表达一系列概念意义,抽象和具体的外部世界,以及人的意识过程的结构单位叫做小句(clause),即句子或类似句子结构的统称。一个小句包含三个功能成份:过程(process),参与者(participant),和环境(circumstantials)。其中主要成份过程代表事件或状态,参与者即从时间,地点,方式等各个层面参与的人或事功能语法,而具体的参与者功能取决于过程类型。语言的及物性和作格性能够帮助将过程进行归类,及物性把经验世界看作是一套可控的过程模式。简而言之,及物性是与概念元功能相一致的小句语法,及物性分析能够定义不同的过程类型并由此决定过程的参与者,从而明确过程与参与者之间的逻辑关系[2]。
在韩提出的六个过程中,物质,心理和关系过程是最主要的。他们作为经验理论,是语法的奠基石,呈现三种截然不同的结构,是篇章中所有小句的主体。同时,韩提出了一个假设,这三个过程在整个语言中的分布频率大致平衡。然而,他自己也承认,此理论未经证实[3]。韩礼德用来阐释六个过程的小句皆为简短且相互独立无关联的句子,而此后的相关过程模式研究也仅仅探究了口头语篇或主观自创的例句cssci期刊目录。
st summer holiday, I took a trip to Yunnan. It is in the southern part of our country .It is really a very beautiful place grand mountains, clean rivers and kind people. Trees and flowers are seen everywhere. Every year there are lots and lots of visitors.Maybe you have heard about Shi Lin (stone forests. There are all kinds of strange stones. Some of the small stones look like graceful girls; and the big stones look like handsome men. Other stones look like cats, peafowls, double-edged swords, mice,
elephants and so on. Of all the stones, the stone like a beautiful girl in a legend is the most famous .Its name is A Shima.
I also went to Li Jiang. The roads in that city are just like the Eight Diagrams. Any road in the city goes to the center of Li Jiang. A river runs through the whole city. If you go along the river, you'll never get lost. There are many ethnic minority people in Yunnan. They are very cordial. And they all like singing and dancing. We danced with them around the campfire that night. I really had a good time.
I like the elephants and fruits there best. An elephant is even taller than me! I even mounted the elephant, though I was very afraid at first. But the elephant seemed very friendly. I took some photos with it. The fruits there are very fresh and delicious. They are very good for our health.
The trip to Yunnan impressed me GREatly. I will never forget it.
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.