14.下面这段文字介绍了一种利用肌肉记忆原理发明的新技术。如果你想用它为上文锦上添花,你会把它放在文章的开头部分还是结尾部分?为什么?(2分
美国科学家发明了一种名叫“移动音乐触觉”的技术,你只需要戴上一款特殊的无指手套,把手放在琴键上,这副手套通过蓝牙与-台笔记本或是手机连接,科学家设计的计算机程序会将音符转换成震动,并刺激手指移动到正确的位置上敲击琴键。而在这期间,你完全可以背英语单词或者看部新上映的电影。实验证明,这期间背诵单词的效率与正常情况下没有任何区别。
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14.【命题立意】本题考查对链接材料与原文内容联系的理解。
【答题思路】题目所引链接材料,与原文内容相关,若置于原文开头,则能引出说明对象,又由于材料生动有趣,所以有激发读者阅读兴趣的作用;若置于结尾,会让读者感动文章所说明的事理魅力无穷。
1、探究下笔的角度
(1)视角的转换
同样一件事,观察者的\'身份、角度、立场、观念、态度不同,得到的印象和结论也不会相同。如果我们能换一个视角来叙述生活中的平凡小事,就能发掘出新意来。如同样是写我在公共汽车上让座,有位同学的满分作文就改变了习惯的视角,借一位需要座位的老大爷的心灵和眼睛,生动表现了一位中学生在让座与不让座之间徘徊犹豫的复杂矛盾的心理。
(2)故事新编
对于人人所熟知的材料,我们可以结合主题,从全新的角度下笔,设计出合理的细节,使自己地文章脱颖而出。如诚信为话题的满分作文《赤兔之死》,题材出自《三国演义》中关羽走麦城一节,通过虚构的赤兔马与伯喜的对话,对比董卓、吕布、关羽等人在诚信方面的表现,最后得出士为知己而死,人因诚信而存的观点。
故事新编必须注意三个方面:①对原着有较清晰的印象,避免张冠李戴,闹出笑话;②想象要合理;③要突出中心。
15.你和小明一起去游泳,他虽然学过,但已经好几年没下过水了,有些犹豫。请你结合文章相关内容,鼓励他大胆游泳。(3分
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15.【命题立意】本题考查联系实际理解说明文所说明的事理。
【答题思路】只要结合选文所说明的“不假思索”的肌肉记忆原理鼓励小明大胆游泳即可。注意:要结合文章内容,并用鼓励的语气。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1、以事情发展的时间先后顺序记叙,如《一面》。
2、以事物或观察的空间顺序记叙,如《从百草原到三味书屋》。
作用:脉络清楚,条理分明。
倒叙:先写结局,再追述顺序叙述事情经过,如《一件珍贵的衬衫》。
插叙:暂时中断中心事件的叙述,插入相关的另一事情的叙述,如《同志的`信任》。
作用:对缘由做补充,对人物做介绍。
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