要提高学生的口语水平,就要分析影响学生口语水平提高的主要因素。笔者在近几年的教学中发现,影响学生口语能力提高的原因是多方面的,但主要有以下几个因素。
教师的口语能力教师自身素质参差不齐,如部分教师的口语能力不强,不能自如地进行口语交际,无法胜任课堂交际活动的组织和指导工作。同时,教师授课任务繁重,在职进修培训较少,口语水平的提高很难有质的飞跃。
教师的教学理念有些教师没有充分认识到口语的重要性,仍然把学生能否通过有关考试看成是语言学习是否成功的唯一标志。这种理念导致教师对学生口语能力培养的忽视,在课堂上很少有时间对学生进行口语训练,使学生失去了宝贵的语言交际的机会。
教师的教学方式有些教师的课堂教学模式、教学方法与手段较为单一,仍是“满堂灌”和“填鸭式”的教学方法,教师讲,学生听,教师读,学生跟。只是一味强调语言点的教学,不重视口语教学,忽视语言的交际性,除基本的课堂用语外,教师使用口语交际的空间范围不大,师生之间没有形成讲英语的氛围。
学生的口语基础由于高职学生生源的多样化,学生入学时的英语水平出现了群体差异。比如,普通高中学生基础较好,语法知识、读写能力有一定优势,但他们习惯了以听讲、记笔记为主的教学方式,不太适应更为灵活的以开口说为主的方式;对口升学的学生学过一些与专业有关的英语知识,有一定的知识面,但基础不太牢固,更不用说口头表达能力了。总之,学生是为通过中考、高考而学英语,注重的是笔头训练,缺乏听、说、读、写的有机结合,特别是忽视了英语口头表达能力的培养。进入职业院校后,相当多的学生仍旧遵循中学时养成的学习习惯,死啃语法,没有对口语能力的培养给予足够的重视。
学生的学习心理口语的主动性、交际性、公开性、灵活性给学生形成了心理上的压力。中国学生大多性格内向,缺乏自信,害怕讲得不好有损面子而不敢开口。在课堂上,教师要花很多时间鼓励学生用英语表达,经过鼓励,学生才慢慢思考,小心谨慎地讲出一个句子。这样一来耽误了时间,完不成教学任务,教师便不再对学生进行鼓励训练。久而久之,产生恶性循环,越不开口讲就越不会讲,越不会讲就越怕开口讲,使学生形成心理上的障碍。
语言环境一个良好的语言环境对于提高学习者的口语能力往往起着潜移默化的作用。学习者常常是在不经意中受到良好的语言熏陶,从而培养出较好的语感和语言习惯。但由于客观条件的制约,很多高职院校尚未建立完备的外语环境,以致许多学生走出英语课堂,就很少有进行口语练习的实践机会,自然也难以培养自觉说英语的习惯。
测试手段测试手段往往是学习的指挥棒。到目前为止,高职英语水平测试主要采用笔试(含部分听力),而口语考试一直没有组织。这从客观上影响了教师和学生对口语的重视程度以及在口语训练上的积极性。
东西分完了,崔献文依然拉着脸。我们有自知之明不去招惹她。大家玩起了气球。地太滑了,我们每一步都得小心翼翼地走,玩起来就更加提心吊胆了。这时,徐晓琦的脚终于抵不住极其滑的'地面了,她滑倒了。“滑得真该!”不知从哪冒出了这样一句话,我们不由自主地向崔献文望去。她依然沉着个脸,嘴里嘟囔着什么......“崔献文,你懂不懂什么叫师傅?什么叫尊敬?要是懂,你到底能不能做到?”
我们围了上去,七嘴八舌地说开了。马文奇嘴快,说:“我真替徐晓琦伤心,‘养’了这么个忘恩负义的人!”“你说谁忘恩负义?”崔献文一边说,一边从身后掏出一个又一个球扔向马文奇。马文奇急了,踹了她一脚,也没有踹着,只是踹到了柜子上。崔献文跳下柜子,开始追马文奇,跑了一圈后,被我们截了下来。张莹月开始劝她,可说了没两句,就听见崔献文大叫:“用得着你管!”声音大得教练都回头瞅了她一眼。我回头一看,发现她坐的柜子上有十多个球,大概是要当作“武器”吧!我们马上把所有的球都拨到地上,以免再伤到人。刚刚做完这件事,崔献文就赌气似的走了回来。徐晓琦在一旁伤心地哭了,她慢慢地走到崔献文面前,慢慢地说:“崔献文,你太让我失望了,如果你要我死,我现在就可以死在你面前,当然了,你不用支付任何费用。”一阵死一般得沉默,崔献文仍然不依不饶,瞪了她师傅一眼,目光又转移到其它方向。徐晓琦见这样失望地走开了......
我心中浮现了昔日徐晓琦那张紧张得涨得通红得脸蛋和被张老师强迫放大的最大分贝的音量。
崔献文,《弟子规》中有这样一段话:亲有过,谏始更。怡吾色,柔吾声。如果徐晓琦有错,你可以告诉她,我想徐晓琦一定会接受的。但是你这样做又有什么意义呢?
崔献文,你到底能不能做到对师傅过错即时相告呢?你到底能不能做到对师傅起码的尊敬呢?你到底能不能做到不要再动不动就大发脾气呢?你到底能不能......
如果你能够做到,就以你最大分贝的音量对大家说:“我保证我一定能做到!”并向你的师傅鞠一躬,我相信,你一定能够做到!
Do you ever watch movies from other countries? Whenever I do, I think about how similar people really are all around the world. Even though the cultures and languages in those movies are different from mine, people all around the world are alike in their goals and emotions.
One time, I saw a movie made in china that showed parents helping their children with their homework. . My parents helped me the same way. Another time I saw a movie from Argentina. It showed school children playing hide and seek, which is a game I used to play with my friends during recess. Seeing these films demonstrated to me that education is a common goal in every country. Parents want their children to learn so their lives will improve. It also showed me that children in schools everywhere wants to play with their friends. Sometimes the games are similar to ours and sometimes they’re different. Still, they all have the common purpose of fun and learning to work together.
Earning a living is another common goal. I’ve often seen that in movies about other countries. In some countries, people choose their careers from what they like and are good at. In other countries, careers are chosen for them following the traditions of their families. But in every country it seems that people care a great deal about earning a living, and working hard is respected.
Showing people having fun together is always an important part of any movies, no matter what country it comes from. People everywhere want to be entertained, and want to spend time with their families and friends. Different cultures sometimes enjoy different activities, but all cultures enjoy some form of sports, music and dancing.
The movies I’ve seen make it clear to me that no matter the cultural differences between countries, people everywhere have the same basic needs and goals.
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