导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
与祖国共命运
2 связывать свою суьу с суьой Роины
将自己的命运与祖国的命运联系在一起
3 ити туа , куа Роина зовёт
到祖国召唤的地方去
4 Если потреуется , отать жизнь Роине ез минуты колеания.
如果需要的话,会毫不犹豫为祖国献出生命。
5 встать груью за Роину
挺起胸膛保卫祖国
6 оиваться процветания Роины
为祖国繁荣而努力
7 умножать славу Роины
为祖国增光添彩
8 ыть остойным сыном и гражанином Роины
做祖国合格的`儿子和公民
9 соственными руками созавать огатство и могущество Роины
用自己的双手创造祖国的富强昌盛
10 воспитывать кого в ухе патриотизма
培养……的爱国主义精神
11 горячо откликаться на призыв Роины .
热情地响应祖国的号召
12 ити по пути, указанному партией
沿着党指引的路线前进
13 Люовь к Роине олжна воплощаться в еле.
对祖国的爱应该体现在事业中。
14 Люовь к Роине проявляется везе н всега , и в великом, и в малом.
对祖国的爱谁是谁出能表现出来,不论在大事中还是在小事中都能表现出来。
15 Ге ни ыть - Роине служить.
不论在哪里都要为祖国服务。
16 Роина, такая, какая она есть сегоня - это Роина, которую наши отцы и еы завоевали в революционной орье.
今天的祖国是我们的父辈用生命斗争换来的。
17 Не ыло ы компартии, не ыло ы и нового Китая.
没有共产党就没有新中国。
18 Только социализм может сласти Китай.
只有社会主义才能救中国。
19 Благоаря нашему труу, лагоаря силе наших рук и нашего ума ует крепнуть и расцветать отечество.
祖国的盛大昌盛靠的是我们的劳动,我们的双手和智慧。
20 каким ы искренним чувством ни говорили мы о нашем патриотизме . всё-таки самым главным ля его проявления ует ля кажого из нас та практическая раота , которую он возьмет на свои соственные плечи.
不论我们是多么发自肺腑地谈论爱国主义,但对每一个人来说,爱国主义最主要的表现方式仍是自己承担的那份工作。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
读同学们的作文,感受最深的是两种情况:一种是“落花流水春去也”,我自飘零水自流,就事论事,空洞议论;一种是“为赋新词强说愁”,情感泛滥,抒情无着。
如果写的人心中没有炽热的感情,却想在作品中表现出什么打动人心的情感,这种可能是是极小的,要想感动别人,就首先要感动自己。但是,就算已经感动了自己,也不见得就能感动别人。这里面就有方法的问题,写作的手法显得尤为重要。
不是少年无情愁,为赋新词强说愁,而是愁在心里人自知,他人何处觅秋风。别人感受不到,那是因为写的人没有很好的表达,无关乎愁深愁浅。
有一首歌这样唱:最近有点烦,有点烦,有点烦。烦确实是烦了,主要是听的人烦了,一句话反复说,不烦才怪。但是,烦的意境有没有出来?没有。也许心绪是有了,感染力却没有,无法给人身临其境的触动。如果连音乐的曲调也没有了,那简直就成了噪音。
这种抒情法是最糟糕的,直抒情意,简单粗暴。写作是表情达意的艺术,不仅要把意思表达清楚明白,还要表达得体有情味,这样的作品才有可读性,才能在考场上拿高分。
“微凉的秋风卷起散落一地的枯叶,然后撒手而去,任凭枯叶化作一只只残蝶,而后绝望地坠。枝头那颤抖的枯叶,终是敌不过风的诱惑,挣脱开母亲的手投向了大地的怀抱。离开了的,终是回不去了吧…… ”这是同学的习作。文字有了情境,给人以画面感,笔端流露出情绪。作者虽然没有直接去抒情,却是有意地表现情意,加上最后一句“离开的了,终是回不去了吧”,便可引出下文的.回忆。
有景有情,有画面,有情境,借情抒情,不得不说,这种抒情法又上升了一个层次。
但是,如果细品,还是会感觉这样的景是被心绪扭曲了的景,并非自然,甚至因为扭曲过分而显出了虚假的成分。
最高级的抒情,是将景和情融为一体,不偏不倚,景中有情,情中有景。秦少游有一首《减字木兰花》:欲见回肠,断尽金炉小篆香。“回肠”是作者内心千回百转的感情,当然是看不见的。但是,作者又要让读者看见,怎么办?他就说了,你想看见我千回百转的感情,就去看看那个金炉中断尽的小篆香。香燃尽了,灰烬掉下来,就像是一个个小篆字一样,柔糜,缠绵,根本分不清谁是谁。
在这句词中,回肠就是小篆香,小篆香就是回肠,也就是物即情,情即物,情物一体。作者秦少游不是将自己的情感投射到燃尽的香灰上,而是将情感融入到其中,给人以丰富的联想和体验。
这是将情比物,还有将物比情的:自在飞花轻似梦,无边丝雨细如愁。如果说将情比物是为了让情感更直观地表现,那么,将物比情就是直接赋予物以人的情感了,飞花轻似梦,便是物我相融,这里的“我”也就不再是一个独立的我,而是一个能与宇宙自然融而为一的无处不在的“我”。
情不再是人的情,也是物的情,情不再是“我”的情,也是你的情,他的情,这样的抒情也就让情感更具有包容性,共情性,也就更能打动读者。
对于有心之人来说,柴米油盐酱醋茶里皆有深情;对于会表达的人来说,信手拈来,便是情感汪洋,可以漫漶整个世界。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
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