前事不忘,后事之师。看到今天胜利日的阅兵盛况,70年前的历史一幕清晰如昨:经过14年艰苦浴血抗战,中国人民终于打败了穷凶极恶的日本军国主义侵略者,赢得了近代以来中国抗击外敌入侵的第一次完全胜利喜悦;再现在东京湾停泊的“密苏里”号巡洋舰上,在同盟国代表庄严注视下,日本政府在投降书上签字情景。70年过去,抗日战争已经深深融入历史记忆——这是扭转民族命运的光辉岁月,也是全世界正义力量战胜邪恶的雄壮凯歌。
“仗剑固边关,立威慑敌胆”。抗战胜利日的阅兵不单是先进武器装备的展览,也是一次军队作风建设和整治成果的汇报,还是新的历史条件下军队战斗精神的激情绽放,更是战斗精神是军队制胜之要。从他们一流的队列、严整的外观中,可以窥一斑见全豹,出现在国人面前的人民子弟兵没有娇气、惰气、奢气,而是充满朝气、锐气、虎气,具有军人的威武之气和阳刚血性,这更是战无不胜的当代中国军人英气豪气的集中展现。
“我们万众一心,冒着敌人的炮火,前进!”在枪林弹雨的抗战岁月里,一首《义勇军进行曲》唱出了中华儿女的心声。阅兵式虽然结束了,但伟大复兴之路,不懈奋斗的中国梦刚刚开始,13亿多中华儿女更需大力弘扬伟大抗战精神,不断增强团结一心的精神纽带、自强不息的精神动力,继续迈着胜利日阅兵式的铿锵有力的步伐把民族复兴的伟业继续推向前进。
“蚯蚓的生活环境……”考场里只能听见书写的“唰唰”声,我盯着这道题,一题十分,如果不做出名次会差很多,昨天我怎么会没复习到的?同桌正从容地写着,我心里突然闪过一个十分不光彩的念头:抄答案。万一被监考老师发现了怎么办?我紧张地看看监考老师,她正在看报纸,现在这时侯应该不会被发现吧?我这样想着,可脸上不知为什么火辣辣的。
到底要不要抄答案?我成绩一向不错。万一被发现了,以后同学们会怎么看我?但如果不抄,这道问答题就做不出,相差十分呢!名次前十名肯定是排不上了,回去一定会挨骂的!我的大拇指和食指用力夹着笔,笔上面的硅胶套被我夹了起来,不知不觉地手心竟渗出了汗水,显得十分潮湿。“还有八分钟,收卷了。”监考老师尖细的声音从报纸后面传来。怎么办?快来不及了,我到底该怎么做?我瞄了瞄同桌的试卷,几个大字一下映入我眼帘,但我却很快收回了目光,又一次心虚地瞄了瞄正在看报纸的老师,还好,老师一动也没动,依旧坐在讲台上,整张报纸挡住了她大半张脸,我只看见四个大字“钱江晚报”。
正当我在做贼心虚的时侯,一张被折成方块形的小纸条发出悄悄地“啪”地一声,我以为是监考老师发出的声音,连忙低头看自已的卷子,却忽然看见了那小纸条。“谁?”我心里一阵紧张,却依然打开了纸条,上面明显是同桌的`字迹,我呆住了,见上面写着:曾经我也的题目在时突然做不出的时侯,要相信自已,一定会想的出来的,就算想不出,也有一条基本准则:要诚实!我愣了一下,不觉笑了。“收卷!”我坦然地交上了试卷,望望同桌,他也在看着我。是的,他教会我诚实,他诚实的品质值得我学习!
当暮色悄然降临的时候,不远处袅袅升起一缕炊烟,安然地与天空相吻。从那一刻开始,人们已结束了一天的劳作,开始了与家人齐聚的闲适。
这已是我的记忆。离开家乡很长时间了,我已渐渐忘记他们熟悉的音容笑貌,忘记了炊烟的模样和香气。
一天正奋笔疾书,心里莫名地想起很久没给外公外婆打电话了,特别想他们。我竟情不自禁地拨通了那个熟悉而陌生的号码。电话那边传来外公惊喜的声音,他关切地问我最近的生活情况。声音有点嘈杂,我可以想像这时人们都已在回家的路上,我仿佛可以看到有点模糊的炊烟升起,想起了与好友在屋前玩“跳房子”这一游戏的光景。“都很好。”我只能简短地说一句,因为此时已经泪流满面了。
我决定回家乡看看我的外公外婆以及那久违的炊烟。
车开得很快,我没来得及回想家乡的景象便在车站下车了。顿时我有一种惶恐的感觉。还好,扛着锄头的老伯伯向我咧开嘴笑,白白的牙齿闪现了一种健康的美,心情便舒坦了。
走在回家的路上,我左顾右盼,寻找记忆深处的炊烟。但它仿佛被哈利波特施了隐身术般,不见踪影。走得很久很慢,明明很短的路,却花了这么长的时间。我有些失望,觉得自己与家乡与炊烟已失去了往日的默契。
天色很快便暗了下来。我便快步向家走去。忽然,整个人打了一个颤,便定在了那儿。眼前,是一缕淡淡的炊烟,带着点儿谷黄色,以一种淡定的姿态,悠然向上升起。有微风吹拂过,一种真切的味道充斥着鼻腔,我感到一股厚实的温暖,是家乡的味道。
这一刻开始,我的心与家乡紧紧地贴合在一切,我知道,它一直都在。
我张开手臂,向家跑去。而那炊烟,像一朵不知名的花,淡淡地绽放,风一吹,甜蜜的花粉散溢在心田。
从那一刻开始,我知道,心中的家乡会永远存在,像炊烟一般的真实,充满心中的每一个角落,走过生命的每一步旅程。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
要是说起让我尊敬的一个人,要数那位和蔼可亲的清洁工爷爷。起初,我认为他没什么特别,可是,通过这件事,清洁工爷爷在我心中的形象慢慢变了......
有一天放学回来的路上,可能是前天晚上着凉了,早上一直不舒服,胃里翻江倒海,我拼命忍,怎么忍也没忍住,还没走到家就吐在了小区的马路上,差点连肠子都要吐出来。正当我难受的时候,一个穿着清洁工服装的人,推着一辆臭味扑鼻的垃圾车走过来,他弯下腰看看我,关切的问:“小朋友,你怎么了,哪儿不舒服呀?爷爷来给你帮忙。”这时,一股难闻的味道迎面扑来,更难受了。“没事,不用你管。”我赶紧捂着鼻子,斜着眼睛地瞪了他一眼,心中暗想:哼,脏死啦、臭死啦,赶紧离我远点儿。爷爷可能意识到了什么,没有再上前,只是站在远处担心地看着我。
我吐完以后,人也舒服多了,就慢慢往家走。快到家门口的时候,我下意识的用眼睛的余光扫了一下刚呕吐的地方,只见清洁工爷爷正拿着扫把慢慢地打扫我刚吐出的脏东西。不一会,地面又洁净了,丝毫看不出有人吐过的痕迹。我见了很感动,并对他产生了强烈的好奇心,从那以后我就悄悄地关注他。
半年多时间过去了,无论刮风下雨,他都会准时出现在小区里清理运送垃圾。他除了做好份内事,还不厌其烦地向人们宣传要保护环境,对被毁坏的草地及时采取补救措施。为了美化小区环境,他还经常发动小朋友一起种花种树。当有人遇到困难的时候,他总会不计报酬,热情帮助。我被爷爷这种默默无闻、无私奉献的精神所感动。他是一个社会责任感强的人,他是一个爱岗敬业的人,他是一个乐善好施的人。他是一个多么令我尊敬的人啊!
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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