为使必修教材更好地适应课堂教学实际,教材内容按照学生的认知规律和“最近发展区”教育理论进行设计。引领学生积极地参与技术学习和设计活动,转变学习方式,让他们自主地建构技术的基本知识和基本方法。
在每节课前认真研读学习目标,指引学生把握学习方向,掌握需要达到的最低学习要求。生动而简洁的导入学习主题内容,通过案例分析、讨论、思考或辩论等栏目,创设学习情境,搭建一个师生间、学生间可以互动的平台。引导学生去理解、分析主题内容,并在理解的'基础上自主地建构技术知识,“同化”学习内容,通过练习中的“做中学”的方式动手实践,实现从“无形”到“有形”的转变,进一步的“消化”和巩固。在每章的最后,通过综合实践活动,将学到的知识、技能、方法综合化,并拓展和延伸,使学生学到的知识、方法、技能“综合化”,实现“顺应”。
同时,教学内容中的实例、设计和项目都应紧贴学生的生活实际,如教材中以每家每户都使用的灯具作为横贯教材的前后内容的一个主要教学载体。由于灯具已经为学生熟悉,所以在教师的引领下,学生可以从现有水平比较容易地完成一个设计任务,达到一个解决设计问题的新水平。
技术与设计是一门全新的课程,高校又没有相关的专业,老师往往都是改行或兼职,所以,加强教学研究就成为当前的一项十分重要的任务。学校要像其他必修课程一样,建立技术教研组,展开讨论、听课、公开教学、课程研究和教学评比等活动。有条件的地区可成立校际联合教研组,加强沟通,定期开展交流。结合课程理念通用技术课程应当避免机械的、单一的技能训练,强调学习中学生技能的形成、思想方法的掌握和文化的领悟三者之间的统一,注重在拓展学生技术能力的同时,促进学生共通能力的发展。对比项目教学的特点功效,如果能将项目教学法恰当地运用到通用技术教学课堂,一定能很好的贯彻实行新课程的理念,对教学质量的提高和学生能力的培养起到事半功倍的作用。
Withthe rapidly development of electronic technology, the paperless office isbasically realized. We have fewer and fewer opportunities to write, as aresult, we always forget how to write the characters. Moreover, the casualexpression from internet makes us confused about the real meaning of theChinese characters. some people think that while we already have a convenienceway to express ourselves, we do not need to write anymore, well,i could not agree with that.
随着科技的高速发展,无纸化办公室基本实现了。我们有越来越少的机会去写字,结果,我们常常忘记怎样去写字了。再者,网络上出现的随意的表达方式让我们对汉字的正解更迷惘。有些人认为我们都有那么方便的方式来表达自我了,为什么还要继续写字,我不同意这个观点。
Becausethe cell phone has shortcut input method and the computer typing could correcterror automatically, this can not be the reason to refuse to write. In the firstplace, Chinese characters has been used for over 6000 years, it is the spiritand soul of a nation, we should be proud of it rather than not to write itanymore.
就因为手机有快捷输入方式,电脑输入有自动纠错,这不能成为我们拒绝写字的理由。第一,汉字已经被使用了近6000年,是民族的精神和灵魂,我们应该为此自豪而不是不想再写它。
Inthe second place, we could cultivate ourselves when we are writing. Forinstance, masterful calligraphy can be rated as superb works of art, we feelsomething special link to art while we are writing. It is this magical thing thatelectronic technology can not do.
第二,我们写字的时候能够修养身心。例如,高超的书法被视为一种艺术,我们写书法的时候会感受到艺术的气息。这种神奇的事物是科技做不来的。
Inthe third place, even though the technology bring us great convenience, westill in the situation that have to write. It could be embarrassing that youforget how to write when you were asked.
第三,尽管科技给我们带来极大的便利,我们有时候还是要写字的。如果我们被问字怎么写的时候,忘记怎么写,那是很尴尬的。
Finally, Chinese characters are our spirit of culture, we shouldremember how to write it, and write it good.
最后,汉字是我们的文化精神,我们应该记着怎么写,还要写好它。
There is an old man who lives next to my door. He lives alone, and sometimes his children will come to visit him. When we asked him why he didn't move to live with his children, he said he didn't want to interrupt them, because of the different lifestyle. The man likes to sit in front of the shop, where people communicate there every day. He is very talkative and likes to offer help. Once he helped a woman to carry heavy food home. Besides, if people asked him for information, he knew everything. People loved him and got used to seeing him every day. I like to talk to this man, he is smart and can give me some wise opinion. He is definitely a good people and we are willing to ask him to have dinner with us.
有一个老人住在我家隔壁。他独自一个人居住。有时他的孩子会来看他。当我们问他为什么不搬去和他的孩子一起住时,他说他不想打扰他们,因为他们的生活方式不一样。他喜欢坐在商店的前面,人们每天都聚在那里聊天。他很健谈,喜欢帮助别人。有一次,他帮助一个女人把沉重的食物搬到家。如果想跟他打探消息,他基本什么都知道。人们喜欢他,也习惯了每天都见到他。我喜欢和这个人说话,他很聪明,能给我一些建设性的建议。他绝对是个好人,我们都愿意请他和我们一起吃饭。
When students finish their high school, most of them will to go study in college, the first thing they do is to choose the major. Choosing the major is a big problem for every college student, not only for Chinese students, but also for the students around the world. Students will face the factors such as their interest is more important or the future of the major worth being first concerned.
当学生读完高中,大部分人会去大学学习,他们要做的第一件事就是选择专业。选择专业是对每个大学生来讲都是件大事,并不仅仅对于中国的学生,对于全世界的学生来说都一样。学生仍然面临着他们的兴趣更重要还是专业的将来更重要的问题。
On the one hand, most parents care about the future of the major. When students decide the major, parents will interfere with their own opinion, they want their children can have a bring future, so they care much about the needed talent of the society. Thus the children can find a promising job and earn more money.
一方面,大部分父母关注专业的未来。当学生选择专业时,父母会干涉,他们想要孩子有一个光明的未来,所以他们很关注社会需要什么样的'人才。这样孩子可以找到一份有前途的工作,赚更多的钱。
On the other hand, students want to choose the major that they are interested. This is often contradicting with their parents’ opinion. Some students want to learn art, but most parents won’t be allowed it because it is hard for students to find a job. Everyone admits that interest is the first factor, with it, students will feel happy.
另一方面,学生想要选择他们感兴趣的专业。这经常和父母的意见相左。一些学生想要学艺术,但是大部分父母不会同意,因为这很难让学生找到工作。每个人都觉得兴趣是第一个要素,有了兴趣,学生才会感到快乐。
When choosing the major, students should considerate their parents’ opinion, most parents are open-minded, they will respect the kids’ willingness.
当选择专业的时候,学生应该考虑他们父母的意见,大部分父母是开明的,他们会尊重孩子的意愿。
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