Today smoking is a widespread habit ali over the world. Not only the old, the youth, but also middle school students have been engaged in smoking. Many of them think that smoking is a smart symbol.
However, smoking is harmful to one's health. It contributes a lot of lung cancer, from which many people have died in the past years. It can also cause many other diseases. In a word, if you smoke, you do have a much greater chance of losing your health. Furthermore, scientific research shows that smoking is not only harmful to smokers themselves, but also a threat to public health, especially to women and children. Therefore, many countries have made laws forbidding smokers to smoke m public places such as cinemas, stations, hospitals, and so on Giveup smoking! If you don't smoke, don't start. Give upsmoking for the sake of your health, for the sake of your family, and for the sake of the whole world.
当今吸烟是一个世界范围内的习惯。不仅是老人,青年,而且中学生都吸烟。他们中的许多人认为吸烟是一种潇洒的象征。
然而,吸烟有害人的健康。它会引起肺癌,其中许多人在过去的一年都死去了。它还可以造成许多其他疾病。总之,如果你吸烟,你有更大的机会失去你的健康。此外,科学研究显示,吸烟不仅对吸烟者有害,而且对公众健康构成威胁,尤其是对妇女和儿童。因此,许多国家都制定了法律禁止吸烟如电影院,车站,医院等公共场所禁止吸烟,如果你不抽烟,不要开始。戒烟吧,为了你的健康,为了你的家庭,和世界。
教师要与学生保持“距离”日常教学时,教师有目的多找学生谈话沟通,学习上常提醒,生活中多关心,让学生消除心理上的畏惧感。这样,在学生心目中,教师既是可尊敬的师长,又是可信赖的朋友。因此,学生就会把老师的表扬看作是对自己的鼓励,信心倍增;老师的批评是对自己的鞭策,及时改正;尤其是对学生病时的一句问候,更让他感到温暖。
所谓“疏远”,就是有意识的和学生保持距离。甚至人为的制造距离。与“拉近”相比,“疏远”学生往往更能体现出一名教师的管理艺术。作为一名教师,应该像一支部队的统帅,要为了战斗的胜利,不计较一城一池的得失,要站在战略的高度做学生的思想工作,及时的预见到未来可能出现的情况。谓“下棋看五步”意亦如此。
我班有个学生常常以“天才”自居。他聪明过人,基础扎实,但常骄傲自大,不可一世,导致其思想表现和学习成绩总是大起大落。我开始制造“疏远”了:大型活动的组织者中
消失了他的名字;各科老师也不怎么提问了,好像一下子淡忘了他!几个星期后,强烈的自尊心驱使这个学生低着头走进了我的办公桌前。
每一个学生都是复杂、多变的个体,因而评价学生的对错必须有多个标准,要用发展的眼光来看学生,摒弃“从小看到老”、和“一俊遮百丑”的静态的眼光和思维方式。要对那些犯错误的学生采取一些科学的管理艺术,让每个学生从一个个错误中走出来,科学地对待犯错误的学生,使他们有机会在纠错中成长。
教育是塑造人的艺术,教师应当善于处理与学生的“距离”。与学生保持何种“距离”最佳,我们借用古人的一句话:“增之一分则太长,减之一分则太短。”果真如此,则善莫大焉。
古人云,“黯然销魂者,惟别而已矣”,因为分别意味着要相隔遥远的距离。随着科技的日益发展,人与人之间的空间距离越来越近了。然而,人们发现身边的烦恼也越来越多了,这是怎么回事呢?
相信大家都很熟悉“触龙说赵太后”的故事。从史书记载来看,这位赵太后在国家危难时临危不惧,主持朝政,接见外来使臣时应对自如,并不是一个蛮不讲理、目光短浅的老太太。但在让长安君去别国做人质这件事上,她为什么会说出“再有议此事,老妇必唾其面”的话呢?究其原因,由于关系到自己的小儿子,她没能保持适当的距离从大局上看待此事。这也是“事不关己,关己则乱”“当局者迷,旁观者清”的道理所在。
画家作画时,常常画几笔便退后几步瞧瞧再画。有人觉得奇怪,站得近不是看得更清吗?为什么要退后呢?其实这样做是很有必要的,退后是为了更好地观察画的整体布局和整体色调。同样道理,对于涉及自己或亲近的人的事情,人们往往容易失去分寸,乱了阵脚。此时如果后退几步,保持距离再作思考,不失为一种必要的理智行为。
如果没有忧伤,快乐便显得单调惨白。情感的宝贵之处在于丰富多样,因距离产生的伤感便是其中最动人的一种。在中国诗歌史上,思念家乡、怀念故人的诗显得最为缠绵婉转。如范仲淹的“酒入愁肠,化作相思泪”,王维的“独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲”,李清照的“此情无计可消除,才下眉头,却上心头”等诗句,使人心弦颤动,情难自已。这些作品都是诗人与亲人久别时衷情难诉而写下的佳作,可见距离也是一种酿造情感美酒的发酵物!保持距离不失为一种调节情感的好方法。
人生难免会遇到困境,与其苦苦挣扎,不如退后几步,保持适当的距离,便会觉得海阔天空!
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
随着科技的发展,人与人之间的距离越来越短了,因为有各种通讯工具的维系,彼此之间越来越近了,但是烦恼却也越来越多了。这是为什么呢?
相信大家都很熟悉“触龙说赵太后”的故事。从史书记载来看,这位赵太后在国家危难时临危不惧,主持朝政,接见外来使臣时应对自如,并不是一个蛮不讲理、目光短浅的老太太。但在让长安君去别国做人质这件事上,她为什么会说出“再有议此事,老妇必唾其面”的话呢?究其原因,由于关系到自己的小儿子,她没能保持适当的距离从大局上看待此事。这也是“事不关己,关己则乱”“当局者迷,旁观者清”的道理所在。
画家作画时,常常画几笔便退后几步瞧瞧再画。有人觉得奇怪,站得近不是看得更清吗?为什么要退后呢?其实这样做是很有必要的,退后是为了更好地观察画的整体布局和整体色调。同样道理,对于涉及自己或亲近的人的事情,人们往往容易失去分寸,乱了阵脚。此时如果后退几步,保持距离再作思考,不失为一种必要的理智行为。
如果没有忧伤,快乐便显得单调惨白。情感的宝贵之处在于丰富多样,因距离产生的伤感便是其中最动人的一种。在中国史上,思念家乡、怀念故人的诗显得最为缠绵婉转。如范仲淹的“酒入愁肠,化作相思泪”,王维的“独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲”,李清照的“此情无计可消除,才下眉头,却上心头”等诗句,使人心弦颤动,情难自已。这些作品都是诗人与亲人久别时衷情难诉而写下的佳作,可见距离也是一种酿造情感美酒的发酵物!保持距离不失为一种调节情感的好方法。
人生难免遇到烦恼,遇到困难,我们在和困难中苦苦挣脱不开,倒不如退后几步,保持适当的距离,那个时候你一定会看到另外的风景,看到属于你的海阔天空。
I attended Jack's birthday party tonight. After dinner, Jack gave cigarets to our boy students present.
At the important moment, I stop them and told them the bad effects of smoking: firstly Smoking is a waste of money and it's greatly harmful to our health. And it can lead to fires easily. So we should not smoke at all.
But it seemed helpless and they wouldn't listen to me. Somebody even said that body and health belonged to themselves and it's up to them to decide whether to smoke or not. I told him calmly, "Even if you have the right to harm your own body, but it doesn't mean that you have the same right to harm others'."
At last, they agreed with me, and some students said that they would never smoke any longer.
For the next one hour, we danced and sang happily, and nobody did smoke again.I felt very happy that my classmate all understood the harmness of smoking.
我今晚参加了杰克的生日派对。晚饭后,杰克给我们的男同学吸烟。
在重要的时刻,我阻止并告诉他们吸烟的不良影响:首先,吸烟很浪费钱,它对对我们的健康危害很大。它会很容易引起火灾。所以我们不应该吸烟,所以我们不能吸烟。
但很无奈似乎他们不听我的。甚至有人说身体是自己的,这是是否吸烟由他们自己说了算。我平静地说,“即使你有伤害自己身体的权利,但这并不意味着你要伤害别人的权利。”
最后,他们同意我的看法,一些学生说他们不会再抽烟了。
在接下来的一个小时里,我们跳舞,唱歌,没有人吸烟了。我感到非常高兴,我的同学都知道了吸烟的危害。
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