这是组织篇章造就转折形成波澜的又一重要技法。可以是先抑后扬,也可以是先扬后抑。如课文《琐忆》就是先抑后扬。作者回忆鲁迅开始使用了抑笔,说鲁迅“多疑”、“世故”、“脾气大”、“不容易接近”等等。文章往下的回忆,则逐一解除了先前的这种误解,推翻了听来的别人的议论。原来,鲁迅对青年平易近人,亲切热情,从不使用教训口吻;而对那些攀附阔老的奴才、伪装的道学者等,那确实是很有“脾气”、也很爱“骂人”的。这样,文章前后抑扬的呼应,形成了覆盖全文的波澜,增强了表达效果。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
一眨眼又到了暑假,往年的暑假都是在家里过的,没有一点新意,不过,今年的暑假我准备过一个充实的暑假,就是去打工,打工可以赚到钱,又可以考验一下自己。
我的暑假第一个月就去了打工,这是我人生第二次打工,上一次打工在很久的以前,那时候的我还不懂事,最搞笑是我做了一天就不干了,那时候的我没有坚持。那时候因为没有做满一个月,所以没有工资拿,一天白做了。今个暑假我决定一定要做满一个月。
七月的第一天,这一天是我的第一天开工,这一天我怀着激动的心情来到了工厂,一来到工厂,老板就分配工作给我们,第一次做工还挺紧张的,第一次工作我还挺认真的,老板还赞赏我,那时候我还挺高兴的,一日复一日,时间过的很快,一眨眼就过了一个月,我在暑假有一个计划,就是工作一个月,写作业和玩一个月,八月的第一天,我和我的朋友兴致勃勃的来到工厂拿工资,工作了一个月也不错,也又几百块,也算不错了,做人要知足嘛!我和我的朋友有以个计划,就是拿了工资大吃一餐,来奖励一下自己一个月来的努力,那一晚,我们吃的饱饱的,很开心。
接下来就是八月份的'生活,这个月我一定要玩尽它,上个月那么辛苦。有一天,我和我的好朋友们约定一起去公园玩一天,放松一下心情,这一天,我们还在公园野餐,这一天是非常的高兴,好像从来没有这么高兴似的,希望天天如此。这个暑假过的很快,一眨眼又差不多又要开学了,我想了一想,啊,暑假作业还没有写呢,这次死定了。一想到这里,我就马上行动了起来,拿起作业就写,经过一个星期的努力,我终于完成了暑假作业,心上得一块大石终于放下来了,想了想,离开学还有三天,这个暑假就这样结束了又要跟暑假说拜拜,现在我要收拾心情,把心情放学习上。
在这个暑假里,我学到了不少东西,也升级了一下自己。就要开学了,我一定要努力学习,来回报父母。同学们,你们的暑假是怎么样的呢?
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.