在正文下面的`一、二行处,从信纸的中间偏右处开始,第一个词开头要大写,句末用逗号。不同的对象,结束语的写法也不同。
(1)写给家人、亲戚,用Your loving grandfather,Lovingly yours,Lovingly等;
(2)写给熟人、朋友,用Yours cordially,Yours affectionately等;
(3)写业务信函用Truely yours(Yours truely),Faithfully yours(Yours faithfully)等;
(4)对上级、长辈用Yours obediently(Obediently yours),Yours respectfully(Respectfully yours)等。
作为教师,我们是否有勇气常常与自己对话,反思自己教学实践过程中的\'不足并及时加以弥补呢?叶澜先生曾经说过:“一个教师写一辈子教案不一定成为名师,如果一个教师写三年反思可能成为名师。”
在备课及上课的过程中我们是不是可以常常问自己三个问题:“这节课应该怎么上?”——在分析教材,研透学情的基础上“知其然”;“这节课为什么要这样上?”——站在英语教学理论的高度分析教材教法,“知其所以然”方能掌握规律,举一反三;“这节课还可以怎么上?”——教学是一门遗憾的艺术,加强反思,及时提升。“知其未尽然”才能将遗憾变为自我发展的动力。
有位英语教学专家曾总结过小学英语课堂教学的主要特征:语言是有声的,所以课堂教学是听和说的体验:语言是有形的,所以课堂教学是读和写的体验;语言是有情的,所以课堂教学是情感交流的体验。我们在备课时亦可结合自己每一节课的教学设计自问:我们的课堂有声、有形、有情吗?我们的学生有思、有感、有收获吗?
在小学英语教学中,教师的语言、教师的教育理念、备课设计都对学生的兴趣、动机和认识水平产生直接的影响。教学要努力实现以学生为主体,给予学生选择的机会、创造的机会,发挥学生的自主性和能动性,首先就要从备课人手,通过备课过程中的“三对话”落实新课程理念,切实提高备课质量。
This "celebrity biography" is about the tribulations and difficulties of the three famous men on the road to fame, from the power of persistence to the disintegration of power even to despair. They abandoned a lot of love and friendship on the way to fame. Finally, they set foot on the road to success.
The first is a belief that, suffering from pain, still does not put down music -- Beethoven. Although he was deaf, he said proudly, "listen to my heart music, you don't understand how I feel! A band can only play music that I expect to write in a minute!" Yeah! His music set of classicism is the beginning of romanticism, and its creation reflects the progressive thoughts of the rising period of the bourgeoisie.
Then a tragic, still sculptural belief - Michelangelo. His pain came from human malice. He was born to fight, to conquer! It is precisely because of this that his artistic creation has been deeply influenced, often with the realism of the civil class at the time of the patriotism and freedom of the struggle of the spirit of the painting. This kind of cup is presented in grand and magnificent form, and his hero is both an ideal symbol and a reflection of reality.
The last is a mirror that Lenin once called "the Russian revolution." Looking around Tolstoy's life, he was not only a literary giant, but also the narrative of life, religion, and society that made him a world-leading thinker. Tolstoy never laid down his obsession with the meaning of life.
位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的是,正文中一般不用Hello!(你好!)
正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。
但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。
每一套教材都代表着某一种教学理念和实践方法,教师在使用一套新教材之时,应站在编者的角度钻研全套教材,努力理解和领会教材编写者的教学思想和设计精神,把握教材的特点,使之在我们的教学中得以充分体现。与教材对话,首先要尊重教材,读透教材;与教材对话,更要超越教材,走向生活。我们不妨尝试“一课三案”:钻研教材,独立思考,形成“初案”;博采众长,融会贯通,写出“教案”;课后反思,精益求精,补充“另案”。
江苏版的《牛津小学英语》教材按照话题——功能——结构的体例编写,在备课时,我们可着力于话题生活化,功能结构协调化。在“初案”中,我们应该重点研读教材,明确教学语言与语境语言,把握关键语句与困难语句;在“教案”形成阶段,我们应分析语用因素,结合师情学情,选择设计各环节活动:课后,结合教学实际再回头看自己的教材解读,及时补充“另案”必不可少。“另案”中,可以反思一节课对教材处理的成功之举、败笔之处、学生感受,当然,对教材的“再教设计”是最终目的。我们对教材的研读应该追求从“有它无我”到“有它有我”,最后达到“有我无它”的洒脱境界。
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