aboutasto
getacquire(knowledge/skills
offerafford(jobopportunities
expectanticipatechanges/difficulities
solvetackle/grapplewith
raiseelevate/heighten
mostimportantoverriding/override
combinesynthesize
supportuphold(ournationalvalues
deepen
weak
usetoomuch
becauseof
satisfy
learn
finally
right
know
miss
dotogether
boring
balance
difference
prettybutlessuseful
fresh
happenagain
good
difficult
perfect
urgent
sad
many/toomuch
fast-growing
maketrue
should
control
broadenone’shorizon
spendAonB
AisimportanttoB
finishsthby
decidetodo
sthisimportant
finditdifficulttodofuelvfuelconflictssap/one’sconfidencestretchnaturalresourcestothelimitattributeto/ascribetomeet/begearedtoward+sthdrawonothers’experienceendupdoing/endwithmakesensenaildownpassuppitchinsitthroughequilibriumecologicalequilibriumdistinctionnicetiesnoveltyrecurringpaindesirableundesirable:notgoodchallengingflawlesspressingbittermounting/awealthofburgeoningpopulationfulfillbesupposetoholdfasttoone’sdreamexpandone’soutlookdedicateAtoBAbeanessentialingredientof/bepartandparcelof/bethecornerstoneofBexploreeveryavenuetowardmakeitapointtodobeamilepostinbehard-pressedtodo/haveahardtimedoingsth
conflictbeatoddswith
few/littleverylittle,ifany
opposefrownon
befullofbeinundated/saturatedwith
todoharmtobelikelytofallpreyto/bevulnerableto
concerncausegraveconcern/concernshavearisenabout
meanspelldisaster/troublefor
makesthsthAhasrenderBsth
tootosthhasreachedsuchproportionthat/…tothepointwhere…mostimportantmorethananything,/andaboveall
growtheproliferationoffast-food/cybergames
seesthobjectivelyputsthinperspective
thinksthmostimportantit’shardtooverstatethesignificanceofneedsthnecessitate/entail
bedevotedtobebenton/upon
showmirror/embody
differentthewholespectrumof
turningpointbeawatershed
accordingtointheeyesof
affecthinder
ageera
aimtargetv
andalongwith/aswellas
andsoonthelike
appearmushroom/springup/sproutup
applyputintopractice
askconsult
aspectsphere
attachenclose
attracttempt/appealto
audienceviewer
basisfoundation
beabletobecapableto
beconvenientatone’sconvenience
begoodatbeskilledat
behelpfulbeofhelp
beimportantbeofimportance
benearbearoundthecorner
beobviousitgoeswithoutsayingthat…/itisarguablethatberisingskyrocket/rocket/soar
besuretobeboundto
besurprisedatbeamazedat
beuselessbeofnouse
bearbeloadedwith
becauseofdueto
becomefashionablecomeintoafashion
becomehappycheerup
beforeoriginal
buildfound/putup/shape
buyafford
byoneselfallalone
carefulattentive
causeattributeto/leadto
changemodify/shift/fluctuation
changewithvarywith
cheatingdeception
choosefrommakeachoicebetween
clearevident/self-evident
comefromstemfrom/springfrom
comeoutcomeforth
complainplaceacomplaintagainst
considerconvince/figureout/givethoughtto
consider…..importantattachimportanceto/laymuchemphasisuponcontinuegoahead
controlinthegripsof
cooperatejoinhandswith
decidedetermine
deepprofound/far-reaching
dependonhingeupon/counton
dependononeselfliveonone’sown
developcultivate/buildup
difficultybarrier
diligentindustrious
dogoinfor/carryout
dogooddofavor/helpv
dropdecline/ontheebb
eatlessgoonadiet
emphasisputahighvalueon/treasurev/valuev/cherishv
enablefacilitate
encouragespursbonto/motivate
endangerjeopardize
enforcestrengthen
engagemajorin
enjoybecrazyabout
enlargebroaden
enoughadequate
evaluatespeakhighlyof
explainuavelthemysteryof/accountfor/beresponsiblefor
facebefacedwith/faceup
failfrustrate
failurefrustration
fameprestige
famousprominent
famouspeoplegalaxy
feelingpassion/sentiments
findlocate
findoutsortout
finishaccomplish
firelayoff
fixinginstallation
focusoncenteron
forexampleacaseinpoint
foreverpermanent
futureprospective
getacquire/regain
getridofeliminate
givegrant/issue
give/supplyprovide…with
giveattentiontogivepriorityto
globaluniversal
goonbringforward
goalheart’sdesire
goodbeneficial
goodstudentstopstudents
goodsnecessity
greatenormous/dramatic
greatprime/utmost
greetingsregards
growflourish
happinesswell-being
havepossess
havearelationshipwithbeontermswith
hopelookforwardto
hopetodosthbeeagertososth./longtodosthhopefulpromising
ignoreneglect
illnessdisease
importantessential/vita
improveenhance/boost/upgrade
improvementadvance
ingroupsintwosandthrees
includemakeup
increasesoar
influencemold
intendtargettodosth./bemeanttodointerestedcrazy
interestinglywithgreatinterestintroductionprospectus
investigationsurvey
joboccupation/employment
joinmaintain/holdonto
keepmaintain/holdonto
killoneselfcommitsuicide
knowgrasp/beawareof/knowaboutknowledgecommand
leavedepartfrom
likepreference
limitconfine
loadburden
lookaroundexamine
lookforruninto/huntfor
lookup…inreferto
lowerinferior
makenervousplacestrainon
makeprogressmakeleapsin/pressforwardmakesureguarantee
makesurethattoseeitthat…
manyberichin/countless
meetruninto/comeacross
messchaos
necessaryindispensable
needbeinneedof
nothesitatefeelfreetodosth
notknowbeignorantof
number
obvious
occupation
offer
only
outcome
overcome
pass
payattentionto
people
perform
period
列锦,就是只用名词或名词短语而不用动词、动词短语或连词来摹景叙事、抒情言志,给人一种似断实连、貌离神合的跳跃感,从而构成一副生动感人画面的修辞方法。
示例
《那山,那月,那人》
《情感·认知·文化》
《米粒·谷粒·血汗》
说明顺序主要有三种:时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。在写作说明文时,往往以一种顺序为主,当然在具体运用的时候,有时出现了说明顺序的并用与交叉的现象。如《向沙漠进军》,介绍综合治理沙漠采用了逻辑顺序,而在说明如何抵御风沙袭击、沙丘进攻的方法时,又采用了空间顺序(高→低。
合理地安排说明顺序,一要考虑所说明的事物的结构特点和事理的内在逻辑关系;二要考虑人们认识事物的一般顺序;三要考虑说明的中心与材料的关系。
(1如果是说明事物发展变化的进程的,就采用“时间”顺序,可由古及今或由今溯古。如《从甲骨文到缩放图书》
(2如果是解说事物的方位、形貌特征的,就采用“空间”顺序。可由近及远,由远及近,由左往右,由南向北,由低至高等。《人民英雄纪念碑》
(3如果为了阐明某些操作过程,就以“程序”为序,即按操作行为的先后标明序号逐一加以解说,便于读者按部就班,准确无误地进行操作。如一些家用电器的说明书。
(4若说明的目的是阐释事理,就要采用“逻辑”顺序:一般按因果、主次关系来安排顺序。如《日本平家蟹》
反问是无疑而问,明知故问,语气强烈,能够激发读者的感情,给读者造成很深的印象;设问是无疑而问,自问自答,以设问作文章的标题,能够吸引读者,启发读者思考,更好地文章的中心思想。
示例
《这个世界怎么了?》
《安能取熊掌而舍鱼?》
《林黛玉非死不可吗?》
第四招 对比式
对比是把两种不同事物或同一事物的两个方面,放在一起互相比较,使事物的性质、状态、特征更加鲜明突出。
示例
《瞬间选择,永恒坐标》
《我是天才,还是笨蛋?--假如记忆可以移植》
比拟是物的人化或人的物化,或把甲事物拟作乙事物。正确运用比拟,可以使读者对所表达的事物印象深刻,且可强烈感受到作者对事物的情感色彩,爱憎分明。
示例
《诚信漂流记》、《诚信走访记》、《诚信摆渡》
《与永恒拔河》、《让爱导航》
《心,请你告诉我》、《让心做主》
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