自余为僇人,居是州,恒惴(zhuì)栗(lì)。其隙也,则施施(yíyí)而行,漫漫而游,日与其徒上高山,入深林,穷回溪,幽泉怪石,无远不到。到则披草而坐,倾壶而醉;醉则更相枕以卧,卧而梦,意有所极,梦亦同趣;觉而起,起而归;以为凡是州之山水有异态者,皆我有也,而未始知西山之怪特。
今年九月二十八日,因坐法华西亭,望西山,始指异之。遂命仆人过湘江,缘染溪,斫(zhuó)榛莽,焚茅茷,穷山之高而止。攀援而登,箕踞而遨,则凡数州之土壤,皆在衽(rèn)席之下。其高下之势,岈然洼然,若垤(dié),若穴,尺寸千里,攒(cuán)蹙(cù)累积,莫得遁隐;萦青缭白,外与天际,四望如一。然后知是山之特立,不与培塿为类。悠悠乎与颢气俱,而莫得其涯;洋洋乎与造物者游,而不知其所穷。引觞满酌,颓然就醉,不知日之入。苍然暮色,自远而至,至无所见,而犹不欲归。心凝形释,与万化冥合。然后知吾向之未始游,游于是乎始。故为之文以志。是岁,元和四年也。
西湖处士:指北宋诗人林逋(bū)。林逋,字君复,钱塘(今浙江杭州)人。终身不仕,亦终生未婚。隐居于杭州西湖孤山,二十年足迹不涉城市。因喜植梅养鹤,故有“梅妻鹤子”之称。古人称像林逋这样的有德才而隐居的不仕者为处士。
元:同“原”。
东风吹落战尘沙,梦想西湖处士家。
只恐江南春意减,此心元不为梅花。
此诗首句用“东风吹落战尘沙”隐喻宋室灭亡;次句以“梦想西湖处士家”,借林逋的故事暗写故国之思;第三句一个“恐”字,表达作者内心的担忧,而“江南春意减”则暗叹江南备受摧残;第四句点明作诗的深意与梅无关。全诗以观梅而有感,而引发联想,但全文的主旨都与眼前盛开的梅花无关,这样言此物写彼物的手法,让情感更加深厚而沉重,曲折中见深意。
东风骀荡,摇枝拂叶,吹去了蒙在梅花上面的尘沙,花蕊花瓣,一概显露出清新的面庞。如此雅洁怡人的氛围,本该令游人陶醉,而诗人却偏要将这沙尘,想像为战火中的尘埃,因为,他从眼前的梅花联想到另外一个梅花的世界。那里刚刚经受了战火的摧残,那里曾经是西湖处士的隐居之地,那里曾是他的希望,那里是他醒里梦里都不曾忘却过的宋国京城。此诗作者虽然从未做过宋朝的臣民,但是,出于对异族统治者的不满,汉族人的宋都对于他始终是富于诱惑力的,这里的一个“梦”字,足以表白他那种朝思暮想的痴情。
想起江南之后,诗人的感情立刻变得细腻,语气也委婉起来。他担心江南的梅花大概不会如此鲜艳,江南的春景必然失去了昔日的光彩。对于蒙元初入中原的残酷洗劫,诗人耳闻目睹,记忆犹新,他担心那“大乱凡数十余年,数千里间,人民***戮几尽”(《武强尉孙君墓铭》)的惨状是否会在江南重现,所以,他在末句中直率地说出,他的《观梅有感》其实并非为梅花着想。他也许曾经憧憬过林逋所处的时代及其环境,同样身为隐士,一个伴梅饲鹤,受到皇帝的褒奖;一个却生活在异族统治者的铁蹄之下,而如今,那样一块圣地也许永久地消失了,他不能不为自己,也为所有的汉人痛心疾首。
此诗短小精悍,音节铿锵,读来朗朗上口。全篇未用任何典故,照样发人深省,意味深长。它之所以具有如此深沉的意蕴,完全得益于象征的手法。不过,象征毕竟太含蓄,太沉闷,难以容纳诗人全部的思想和愤恨,因此诗的结尾处又否定了象征手法。“此心元不为梅花”一句,实打实地透露出作者的真实感慨,犹如阴云郁积很久之后的一声闷雷,虽然沉闷了些,总算给人以希望,为全诗抹上了一道亮光。
One Sunday my mother (Mother had (made me take my little young brother to the a trip to the country. She bade me take good care of him.
While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly and the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers smile (smiling at us and heard the birds sing (singing their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty (beautiful.
When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother (our mother wait (waiting for us at the door.
有一个星期日,我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。她吩咐我要好好照料他。
当我们沿着道路行走的.时候,太阳灿烂地照耀着,微风轻轻地吹着。我们看见美丽的花儿对我们微笑着,并听见鸟儿在树上唱着悦耳的歌曲,风景实十分美丽。
当我们感觉到疲倦的时候,我们就回家了。我们看见母样正在门口等候我们。
It has been deep spring now, but the weather is still comfortable. Today is weekend, three of my friends and I went to the East Lake. We met each other at 8:00 a.m. and then we started. We went there by bike. It took us forty minutes to get there. We went boating first after we got there. It was really interesting. And then we had a picnic. We prepared some meat, vegetables, corns and other food. I like picnic outdoors. It makes me realxed. We went home at about 中考 4:00 p.m.. We had a great day today. We decided that we will go there at the summer. At that time, we can swim in the lake.
现在已经是深春了,但是天气依然很舒适。今天是周末,我和三位朋友去了东湖。我们在早上8点碰面,然后出发。我们骑自行车求那,到那花了我们40分钟。我们一到那就先去划船。划船真的'很有趣。接着我们就进行野餐。我们准备了一些肉,蔬菜,玉米和其他食物。我喜欢在户外野餐,这使我感觉放松。四点左右我们就回家了。我们度过了愉快的一天。我们决定夏天再去那里,到那时候我们就可以在湖里游泳了。
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