雅思考试有条写作指令叫做:Include relevant examples from your own experience. 所以很多考生在考试时都喜欢使用举例法(exemplification。这一扩展方式本身无可厚非,然而在使用时几种例子是不适合的。
所谓议论文,最关键之处在于论述得当。支持句应使主题句更加令人信服,令考生的想法更加鲜明的呈现在考官面前。然而,中国考生在论述时往往存在一些误区:
虽然来源于身边社会,但不可让描述方式变的太鸡毛蒜皮,拿不上台面。其实这点非常容易办到,只需要把事件中某一个具体的你,我,他,变成是客观群体,比如说people across the globe, students, they之类的人称即可。
举例的常见表达方式:
for example,/for instance,(后加句子)
Such as/ like (后加词组)
Take... as an example,
A case in point is that......
其次,在举例时还应注意尺度。
1. 应避免使用第一人称和第二人称,为了加强客观性,应将人称写成第三人称。
改正:Those people who raise pets, such as dogs and cats, are more likely to gain happiness and relieve their loneliness.(那些养宠物,例如养猫和养狗的人往往更容易获得快乐并且缓解孤独感)
2. 应避免引用一项调查研究,并同时伴有过多数据。应将数据去掉,用含糊的方法表示。
改正:There is much evidence to show that the number of people smoking has increased at an alarming rate in China. (大量证据表明。。。)
3. 应避免将例子局限在一个国家,尤其是中国。应将范围放至全世界。
改正:Many children around the world like to sit in front of the screen for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.(在全世界,许多孩子在屏幕前待太久,导致了他们的视力减弱。
“全世界”的表达方式:around the world, all over the world, across the globe
【写作真题】The advocates of international aid believe that countries have a moral obligation to help each other, while the opponents consider it necessary, because money is misspent by the governments that receive it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
【名师献计】This aid is essential to the homeless and useful in helping recipient countries return to their normal state after major disturbances. For example, with the humanitarian relief obtained worldwide on an annual basis, victims of natural disasters (such as tsunami, drought, flood throughout the world can recover rapidly and rebuild their homeland.
这类考生往往缺乏刨根究底的精神,总是在主旨周围绕圈子,不达中心。这也是中国考生的通病,看似八九不离十,却总也不愿把话点破,让考官怎能不又急又气。
在所有的扩展方式之中,因果推理法是最受用也是最透彻的方法。凡事先追溯到其原由,再扩展其结果,这是将主题阐述清晰、论述有力并且具有逻辑感的最佳手段。例如在“出国留学利弊”这一题目之前,若考生单纯说“有可能会使青少年学坏”,难免缺乏说服力,但若紧接着扩展“因为孩子高中毕业后思想上还不成熟,若认识不好的朋友会难以抵抗社会上不好的诱惑”,那么此论点一定会让考官眉头舒展,点头认同。由此可见,善用此推理法会让议论文如虎添翼,事半功倍。
引出原因的表达方式主要有:Because../Since.../As....
引出结果的表达方式主要有:so.../Therefore,.../Consequently,.../Accordingly,... /As a result,.../In this way,.../result in.../Thanks to.../Due to.../ Owing to..
【写作真题】Aircrafts have been increasingly used to transport fruits and vegetables to some countries where such plants hardly grow or ate out of season. Some people consider it a good trend, but some people oppose it. Discuss.
【名师献计】It is important to note that imports are now increasingly affordable to the general population. Thanks to the rapid development of the freight transport industry, air travel has become an economical mode of transport, resulting in the subsequent decrease in the cost of importing. Meanwhile, technical advance in the food processing industry has made it much easier to preserve fresh fruits and vegetables over a long-haul air flight. Because of the wide availability of imported crops, there are more varieties...
太多专业数据会给人捏造的痕迹,缺乏真实性。考官会质疑数据的出处。
例:A survey indicates that the number of people smoking has increased to as high as 65 percent in China.(一项调查显示。。。)
"65%"让文章看起来有些假,有捏造的嫌疑。"A survey"又不够具有代表性。
有一个叫应彬的人在汲县作县令。夏至这一天,他的一位老朋友来访,应彬设宴款待。朋友座位背后的墙上悬挂着一张红色弩(nu)弓,映在酒杯中,形状就像一条小蛇。朋友端起酒杯,正欲饮酒的那一瞬间,他瞥见了酒杯中的“蛇”,可他已经将那杯酒喝进肚里去了。朋友当时就觉得又惊又怕,十分恶心。回到家里,只觉得胸腹疼痛难忍,以至于饮食不进,身体渐渐消瘦下去。家里人为他请了好多医生,用了好多办法,也不见治好。
自从老朋友那次来访后,已好长时间不见面了,应彬觉得奇怪,于是决定到朋友家去回访。只见朋友形容憔悴,病得不轻。应彬便问是什么原因。朋友如实相告:“自那次在你家喝酒,因酒杯里有一条小蛇被我吞进肚里,使我十分害怕,回家后就一病不起。”
应彬觉得这事有些蹊跷,酒杯中哪来的蛇呢?他回到县衙后,还在琢磨这件事。猛一回头,看见挂在墙上的弩弓,心里一下子明白了。他于是专门备了车马,把老朋友再次请到家中,重摆宴席,仍让朋友坐在原来的位置上。当朋友拿起酒杯一看,忽然惊叫起来,原来杯中又出现了蛇影。这时,应彬也端着酒杯走到朋友的座位旁,将自己的酒杯端给朋友看,里面同样有一条蛇影;后来,他请朋友端着原来那杯酒离开那个位置,再看杯中,那蛇影就分明没有了。朋友心中甚是不解,应彬叫朋友回头看墙上挂着的那把弩弓,对朋友说:“墙上的弩弓映在酒杯中,这就是你看到的杯中的蛇,其实那只是弩弓的影子,杯中什么也没有。”
朋友半信半疑,又和应彬重新演试了几遍,这才哈哈大笑起来,心中的疑团顿时消失,精神一下子清爽了许多。回去以后,病也很快地好了。
害疑心病的人,往往陷入庸人自扰的泥淖而难以自拔;有智慧的人则善于抓住问题的症结,对症下药,“心病还须心药医”,从根本上解决问题。
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