To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
1.自然结束法。就是在文章的结尾,用一句话自然结束。如:
这就是未来的房子!
朋友们,我的房子不错吧!
2.抒发感情法。就是在文章的结尾抒发感情,总结全文。如:
这件衣服多神奇呀!我相信,随着科学技术的飞速发展,这件奇特的衣服一定会在我们这代人的手里。
同学们,这样的房屋你喜欢吗?想拥有吗?那就让我们一起为着这一天早点的到来刻苦钻研,勇于探索吧!
3.总结全文法。就是在结尾用一句话总结想象的事物的特点。如:
你瞧,我设计的多用轿车方便吧!!
这就是多功能的房子──会变形,不用钥匙开门,会说话。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
1.想像要合理。想像必须合理,必须以现实生活为基础,不能胡思乱想。孙悟空是想像的产物,可他一半像人,一半像猴,这就是现实生活的基础。在想像的世界中,蒲公英像小降落伞,柳树像苗条的姑娘等,也都与事物特点密切相关。即使是科学幻想,也应以当今世界科技发展水平为基础来展开想像,比
如现在可以看见的科幻动画片中,有不少威力无穷的机器人,它们是怎么产生的呢?是以现实生活中已经出现的机器人为基础的。如果现实生活中根本没有机器人,我们又怎么能想像出那么威力无穷的机器人呢?
2.中心要明确。想像作文不是闭门造车,不是为了编故事而编故事,想像作文也应该对读者有所教益。同学们常看科幻动画片,不光有扣人心弦的故事情节,更有催人上进的力量。每一个科幻故事,除了启发我们的想像力之外,同时还歌颂了正义战胜邪恶、赞美了正义的事业正直的人。所以,我们写想像作文时,应该注意宣扬一个什么道理,这就是全文的中心思想。这一点,与其他作文是相同的。
科幻作文,简单地说,就是具有科学幻想的习作。其主要特征是“科学+幻想”,即具有一定的科学性和幻想性。科幻作文,是想像性习作,但它又不是一般的想象性习作,它们之间的最大区别就在于科幻作文具有一定的科学性。
1.开门见山法。就是开头直接说明你所想象的事物。如:
我想发明一种水滴一样的汽车,这种小汽车非常漂亮。
我想发明一种既神奇,功能又多的衣服。
2、描述情景法。就是开头描述一个情景,引入所想象的地方。如:
2041年。这是新世纪的大好年月,激起我几多浮想遐思!我已是舞水小学的校长了。请跟我一起来参观我所设计的21世纪50年代的舞水小学吧!
时间飞逝,转眼间20年过去了,我成为了一个科学家.我专门发明一些与人们生活有密切关系的东西.瞧,我的高科技储物柜里有:高科技衣服,高科技鞋子等等.想看看未来的衣服是怎样的吗?让我来给你介绍介绍吧.
3.设问方式开头法。就是在文章的开头提出问题,以引起读者的兴趣。如:
朋友,你见过形态万千,式样新颖的房子吗?这种房子就是我设计的。
朋友,你见过世界上功能最齐全的汽车吗?这种汽车就是我发明的。
They are afraid we will have accidents as the river has no safty measures.
So, of course, we should go to the river for swimming. It may takes our life for no reason.
It is very cruel. Sometimes we can hear the news that someone die because of swimming in the river.
If we want to swim, we can go to the swimming pool with adults. This is safe. And we can also ask a teacher to teach us. Just remember, do not go to the river to swim secretly. We should take responsibility for ourselves.
大人们总是警告我们不要要江河水库游泳。他们担心我们会发生意外,因为江河水库没有相关的'安全措施。所以,我们当然不能去江河水库游泳了。这很有可能会突然就夺走我们的生命,是很残酷的。有时候我们也会听到一些新闻说有人因去江河水库游泳而丧命。如果我们想要游泳,我们可以在大人的陪同下去游泳池游泳。这样是安全的,我们也可以请教练教我们。一定要谨记,不要私自到江河水库游泳。我们要对自己负责任。
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