针对有些同学读书时走马观花,读多少、忘多少、丢多少,就像竹篮打水,结果一场空,不得长进。有些同学虽然读书很认真,当时凭脑子也记得一些东西,要用时,则什么都捕捉不到了。【摘录:《语文课程标准》中明确规定:学生是“主人”,教师是“引导者和组织者”。】
那么,怎样指导学生掌握课外阅读的方法呢?我采取了以下几步措施。
读了李镇西老师的《做最好的老师》一书,感触很深。这本书是李老师25年教育教学思想和智慧的精华集粹,全方位地阐述了李老师的教育观、学生观、班级管理、思想工作、心理教育以及语文教学的理念与实践。李老师把他的教育思想、教育机智、教育技巧与教育情感融为一体。语言朴实而富有诗意,形象而充满激情。读着书,让人不禁为之激动、赞叹、折服!
启示一:童心是师爱的源泉
李老师提出教育者是否拥有一颗童心,对教育至关重要。教师的童心意味着怀有儿童般的情感,能够自然地与学生“一同哭泣,一同欢笑”的教师无疑会被学生视为知心朋友,赢得学生的心灵。教师的童心意味着拥有儿童般的兴趣,教师的职业要求我们应该在任何方面都与学生有着共同的兴趣爱好,多一种与学生共同的兴趣爱好,你便多了一条通往学生心灵深处的途径,他们会不知不觉地把老师当作朋友。在与学生嬉笑游戏时,教师越是忘掉自己的“尊严”,学生越会对老师油然而生亲切之情――而这正是教育成功的起点。
启示二:没有爱,便没有教育
李老师深深打动我的一个重要原因,便是他始终如一和学生进行心与心的交流。“爱”是李镇西老师永恒的教育理念,他可以和孩子一起过年,一起玩雪、拼照相,真正融入学生生活,在一次次的“师爱”理解中留下了精彩的生命瞬间。在没有读李老师的书之前,我曾那么地自信自己是“爱”学生的。读完这书我扪心自问,我爱每一位学生吗?我对学生的“爱”真的是无怨无悔吗?我暗下决心,一定要改变自己过去的教育方法。当学生犯错时,要努力控制自己的情绪,心平气和地了解学生犯错的原因,站在学生的角度思考问题。李老师让我对热爱学生的爱有了全新而深刻的理解:
爱,不单单是欣赏优秀的学生,而是“怀着一种责任把欣赏与期待投向每一个学生”。
爱,“不应是居高临下的‘平易近人’,而是发自肺腑的对朋友的爱”。
爱,不应是对学生的错误严加追究,而是“博大的胸襟”“对学生的宽容”。
爱,也不应是对学生的纵容,而是“必然包含着对学生的严格要求,乃至必要的合理的惩罚”。
爱,不只是关心学生的学习、生活、身体,而是要“善于走进学生的情感世界”“理解学生的精神世界“学会用他们的思想感情投入生活,和学生一起忧伤、一起欣喜”。
爱,不仅仅是只对自己所教的这几年负责,而是“对学生的成长以至未来一生的`负责”。
爱,不是用一颗成年人的心去包容一颗颗童心,而是“需要一颗童心”,用童心去碰撞童心。
爱就是“一份纯真,一份庄严,一份责任感”,就是民主,就是平等,就是把“童年还给童年”,就是为学生的‘美丽人生’奠定美好的开端。只有这样的爱,才是真正的爱,只有这样的教育,才是真正的教育。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
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