承上的几种类型中词或短语与上文的关系转为对下文的关系,则是启下。
1.要指出句子运用的说明方法有哪些(不要遗漏)?
2.要指出运用这种说明方法说明的核心内容是什么?
3.要指出运用这种说明方法带来怎样的效果?
例如:那么,死海海水的浮力为什么这样大呢?因为海水的咸度很高。据统计,死海水里含有多种矿物质:135.46亿吨氯化钠(食盐);有63.7亿吨氯化钙;有20亿吨氯化钾;另外还有溴、锶等。把各种盐类加在一起,占死海全部海水的23%~25%。这样,就使海水的密度大于人体的密度,无怪乎人一到海里就自然漂起来,沉不下去。
1.运用的说明方法有:引资料、分类别、列数字;
2.主要说明了:死海的咸度高、浮力大。
3.效果
(1)引资料:突出材料的科学性、准确性,增强说服力;
(2)分类别:将死海中的矿物质分成若干种类一一说明,条理清晰,层次井然;
(3)列数字:准确具体。
整体答案就是:这句话运用引资料、分类别、列数字三种说明方法,说明了死海的咸度高、浮力大这一突出特点,说明过程引用材料、数据科学、准确、具体,增强了说服力,同时把复杂的内容说明得条理清晰,层次井然。
1.划线句子是一段文字的中心句——出题者要考核的知识点是中心句的作用;
2.划线句子是过渡句——出题者要考核的知识点是过渡句的结构作用;
3.画线句子是一种或几种说明方法的运用部分——考核的知识点是说明方法的判定及其在说明过程中的作用;
4.划线句子是全文的说明目的——出题者要考核的知识点是说明文的目的,及这个句子的结构作用。
1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
这本书花了我300元。
I spent 300 yuan on the book.
I paid 300 yuan for the book.
The price of the book is 300 yuan.
It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.
我不懂什么英语,李明也不懂。
I don’t know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming.
I know no more English than Li Ming does.
I know as little English as Li Ming does.
一到家,我就把所见到的一切都记了下来。
On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
过渡句中有的词或短语概括总结、或联系上文的内容,还有的词或短语概括、联系下文的内容,则这个过渡句就有承上启下的作用。
无论是承上、还是启下,抑或是承上启下,带来的好处都是使文章的结构严谨。
例如: 为什么我国的石拱桥会有这样光辉的成就呢?首先,在于我国劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。他们制作石料的工艺极 其精巧,能把石料切成整块大石碑,又能把石块雕刻成各中形象。在建筑技术上有很多创造,在起重吊装方面更有意想不到的办法。如福建漳州的江东桥,修建于八 百年前,有的石梁一块就有二百来吨重,究竟是怎样安装上去的,至今还不完全知道。其次,我国石拱桥的设计有优良传统,建成的桥,用料省,结构巧,强度高。 再其次,我国富有建筑用的各种石料,便于就地取材,这也为修造石桥提供了有利条件。
文中这个划线句子就是针对过渡句的结构作用出的试题。“这样辉煌的成就”概括了上文赵州桥的历史、结构、造型特点,具有承上作用,“为什么”这个疑问代词,概括了这一段的主要内容,所以具有启下的作用。
综上所述,在这个段落中,划线句子的作用就是:承上启下,上承接我国石拱桥取得的辉煌成就,下引出取得成就的原因,使文章架构严谨。
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