1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
我的家乡在厦门,那是一个风景优美的地方。
那里有一个地方叫园博园那里一走进前去看看见好多好多花朵,不值再走进去又一个超人的雕像呢。小朋友你们看过吗?
我的家乡还有一所学校叫兑山小学那里是全校才有的红树林,学校的西边还有一棵大龙树。
每次上体育课的时候很热我就叫同学们都去红树林去乘凉,同学们一去,啊!真凉爽啊。
这就是我的家乡,这就是我的学校我太喜欢了,你们喜欢吗?
简评:这篇文章结构安排合理,题为家乡的美景,但描写景的句子却没有几句,你的家乡有哪些美景呢?具体介绍几个有代表性的地方给大家,让大家一起欣赏不是更好吗?
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
夜,来临了。是一个非常幽美的海滨的夏夜。
夕阳落山不久,西方的天空,还燃烧着一片橘红色的晚霞。大海,也被这霞光染成了红色,但是,它比天空的景色更要壮观。因为它是活动的,每当一排排波浪涌起的时候,那映照在浪峰上的霞光,又红又亮,简直就像一片片霍霍燃烧的火焰,闪烁着。滚动着涌了过来。
随着夕阳的逐渐西沉,天空的.霞光渐渐暗了下去,淡了下去。深红的颜色成了绯红,绯红又变成浅红,最后,当这一切红光都消失的时候,那突然显得高而远了的天空,则呈现出一片肃穆的神色。最早出现的启明星,在这深蓝色的天幕上闪烁起来了。是那么大,那么亮。整个广漠的天幕上只有它一个在那里放射着令人注目的光辉,活像一盏悬挂在高空的明灯。
夜色加浓,苍空中的“明灯”越来越多了。而城市各处的真的灯火也次第亮了起来,尤其是围绕在海港周围山坡上的那一片灯光,它们从半空倒映在乌蓝的海面上,随着波浪,晃动着闪动着,像一串流动着的珍珠,和那一片片密布在苍穹里的星斗互相挥耀,煞是好看。
在这优美的夜色中,我踏着软绵绵的沙滩,沿着海边,慢慢地向前走去。海水,轻轻地抚摩着细软的沙滩,发出温柔的刷刷声。晚来的海风,清新而又凉爽。我的心里,有着说不出来的兴奋和愉快。
教师评语:这篇写景文章有景有情,先景后情,使得文章“此时无情胜有情”,令人深思,显得意犹未尽,言有尽而意无穷,让读者去充分感受海滨的夏夜的美。回味无穷。多角度写景,生动形象。从“听觉”、“视觉”“触觉”等多角度进行描写夜色的美,生动形象。
It ______ ______ ______ the train will be late.
答案:is likely that
2. It is likely that the typhoon will sweep across the island.
The typhoon ______ ______ ______ ______ across the island.
答案:is likely to sweep
3. I think trying to stop the couple quarrelling will be of no use.
I think it's ______ ______ ______ to stop the couple quarrelling.
答案:no use trying
4. Every time I was in trouble, he had no hesitation in helping me.
Every time I was in trouble, he came to help me ______ ______.
答案:without hesitation
5. He never hesitates to help if I have any problem.
He always helps me ______ ______ if I have any problem.
答案:without hesitation
6. I crossed the street so as not to meet him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
I crossed the street to ______ ______ him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
答案:avoid seeing
7. It seems that the students in that class have all passed the qualified exam.
All of the students in that class ______ ______ ______ ______ the qualified exam.
答案:seem to have passed
8. It seems that the boys of the class are playing football on the playground.
The boys of the class ______ ______ ______ ______ football on the playground.
答案:seem to be playing
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
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