1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
In my life I have met many people who are really worth recalling. But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.
在我的生活中,我遇到了很多值得回忆的人。但也许是我最难忘的人,我知道是我的英语老师。
What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. First of all, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning. He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in explorating something deeper in this field. Second, I was attracted by his lively wit. I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.
我学校老师经常给我的回忆是他的特殊品质。首先,他给了我们最伟大的礼物,一个老师可以给我们一个充满激情的觉醒。我们的美丽和完美的英语语言文学的`欣赏,但也引起了在这一领域探索更深层次的东西我很感兴趣。其次,我被他的活泼机智所吸引。我记得我们的学生总是期待他的课非常热心,他讲课生动幽默,从不惹笑或大声笑。
Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.
虽然我上了他上一节课已经快两年了,他是我们的老同学,我知道他已经在我心中留下了一部分。
One day, Paula and Richard decided to make a kite.
First they went out and found two straight sticks of the same length. They brought them back home and tied them with a piece of string into the shape of a cross. Then they took some string and used it to tie the four ends of the sticks together. Then, they spread some brightly coloured paper over the frame and glued it around the string.They stuck a tail made of paper to one of the corners, and tied a long string to the centre of the kite.
On the next windy day, they took the kite to a hill near their house and flew it.
一天,保罗和理查德决定做一个风筝。
首先,他们出门找了两根一样长的直木棍。他们把木棍带回家,用一根绳子把它们绑成十字形。然后他们又拿了些绳子,把木棍的四个顶端连在一起。然后,他们把一些颜色鲜艳的纸涂上胶水,粘在风筝的框架上。他们将纸做的尾巴粘在一角,在风筝中间系上一根长绳。
在接下来的一个有风的日子里,他们就在家附近的小山上放风筝了。
五年级的一个暑假,我和朋友去发传单,这是个锻炼自己,磨练忍耐力和坚持的一个心酸过程。尽管心酸,但这对我们来说是非常新鲜的。
我们换好了衣服,一个叔叔跟我们讲了大概过程,也就是看见路人要先说“你好”,在介绍传单内容,并留下联系电话,但这一切的前提是,如果那个人愿意听我们讲完所有的内容。
我们来到大街上,开始向路人下发传单。但只有亲身体验过,才会知道那些路人有多难“伺候”。有点人理都不理我们伸出的手;有点人看了看我们,如有所语的议论着,皱着眉头走开:也有的人接过我们的传单,还没有两三步,便扔在了地上。一上午下来,放眼望去,满地传单在随意的让人们踩踏,没有人在意那是我们一张一张亲手送出的传单。传单都被随意丢弃,更不用说让我们介绍了。
到了下午,我们都泄气了,把传单丢在旁边的石椅上,谁有兴趣,谁就去拿。时间一分一秒的过去,这时,有一个大叔,他站在我们面前,看着我们手里的传单,我盯着他看了好一会,才反应过来,他是要我们的传单,听我们的'介绍,于是我站起来,微笑说:“你好,这是……希望您有空去看看!“太好了,这是我今天第一次向路人开口,那位大叔一直耐心地听我讲完。在这个下午,情况有所好转,渐渐低,越来越多的人吧传单放在包里,也有越来越多的人愿意听我讲完。慢慢地,我脸上的笑容不在僵硬,虽然还是有很多人在踩踏,但是我开始相信坚持的力量。因为在这个世上没有人会拒绝微笑,没有人会无视坚持!
回到家,回想这一天,发现了坚持的可贵,在生活中有很多事情,只要坚持没有什么不可能!只要坚持,世界对我没有什么不可能!
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
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