To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
有一匹小马,胆小怕事,在动物世界中没有它不害怕的,从狮子老虎到小狗小猫。于是,他成了受气包,谁都敢欺负它。
一天,小马独自在野外啃着青草,突然间,一只老虎向它扑过来。小马虽然吓得浑身发抖,出于本能,它还是用蹄子踢了这个庞然大物。也许老虎太饿了,它在不小心的情况下被踢倒后,竟然倒地不起。小马惊呆了,它怎么也没想到会是这个结局。
消息一下子在动物世界传开了。大家都来到小马身边,用敬佩的眼神看着它:“能打败大老虎,真是个英雄。”小马环顾周围的动物们,又壮起胆子看着躺倒在地上的老虎,这才相信自己真的不简单。
从那以后,小马对自己有了自信。
小马由于缺乏自信,所以常掉入自卑的深渊中。因此,自卑的人有必要变换一下对自信理解的角度。
一个人具有强烈的自信,可使自己受到激励而想出种种可行的方法以及技巧。同时,“相信自己会成功”也会使别人对你产生信任和好感。
对自己没有正确的认识,不相信自己有力量,就更不可能赢得别人的信任与尊重。在自鞭自抑之中,自我完完全全地迷失,这几乎成了必然的结局。唯有学习正确地认识自己,提升自我形象,才有可能让沉睡的能量醒来,才有可能创造一份完全不同的美好的生活。
自信,使不可能成为可能,使可能成为现实。不自信却使本来可能的事变为不可能。
思辨性差,不仅提炼的观点就没有深度,而且还会抓不准。所谓抓不准,就是指议论时不能反映事物的本质,对于提供的材料,究竟说明了什么,不能吃准,材料、命题、话题本身说明的问题,有着客观的规定性,是不以你的主观意志为转移的。只有当你的主观与客观相符合时,这个准字,才有可能保证。譬如有个成语叫做绳锯木断,水滴石穿,绳怎样才能把木锯断,水怎样才能把石滴穿呢?如果说:要坚持,持之以恒,对不对?对,但只对了一半。在这里,除了坚持以外,还应当专一;要一门心思在一个地方滴。这样,断与穿才有可能。如果只抓住一面,就说明你没有认识事物的全体和本质。要去论述,当然也就很难抓准了。要想抓准,就必须具备一定的思辨性。能够透过现象看本质,能够用全面的观点、一分为二的`观点、发展的观点去辨证地分析问题。
然而,作为四大文明古国之一的中国,却正在对自己的文化一点一点地丧失了自信力。中国流传千年的文化,能如此源远流长,历久弥新,一定有它的价值和优越性,可为什么中国人却开始怀疑它的价值了呢?“崇洋媚外”已成了追逐时尚的主流,而中国人所表现出来的对中国文化的“不自信”尤让人为之震撼,为之感叹,为之心痛。
在大多数中国人眼中,好像是外国的,或是受到过外国人褒扬的,就是好的。甚至于国外的中低档东西到了中国,也比本土产的高档货好,说出去脸上有光。前一段时间,新闻中曾曝光过一些“披着洋皮”的国产品牌。经过记者调查发现,这些所谓的“洋品牌”服装,要价很高,只是因为挂了个洋名。而实际上,这些品牌的商标全是在国内注册的,所谓的'原产国,意大利、法国等根本就没有这些品牌。以及前不久新闻上曝光的达芬奇家具专卖店出售的所谓“意大利原装进口”的家具,一件要几十万的天价,在顾客购买后出现了质量问题。再经查证,这个品牌确实是意大利的,而它在当地也只不过是一个“无名小卒”。更何况家具店的这些家具,都是该公司委托给中国家具厂生产的,原料也是中国原产,是地地道道的国产货。这些国产货也并非是劣质产品,只是在中国人看来,国产货比不过进口货。而商家们正是抓住了人们的这种心理,从而行骗,从中牟取不正当的暴利。中国人对自身的不自信,也让自己吃尽了苦头。
我们确实应该清醒了。中国文化的优劣性不是靠洋人的简短评价就能确定的。这也许是受了过去一百年中国被帝国主义列强侵略的影响,让中国人认为自己仍然被洋人牵着鼻子走。那么是时候走出这个阴影了。我们要找回我们的文化自信,让中国文化雄立于世界文化之林!
灰兔唱着欢乐的歌,蹦蹦跳跳去小溪边喝水。他看到正在沙滩上唉声叹气的白兔,就关心地问:“你是身体不舒服,还是有什么不顺心的事?”
白兔摇了摇头,说:“我身体没有什么不舒服,就是感叹命运太不公平。你难道不觉得在所有动物中我们兔子是最不幸的吗?”
灰兔笑着说:“我生活得很快乐,没有你所说的想法啊!”
白兔说:“大象有象牙和有力的长鼻子,谁都不敢欺负他;刺猬浑身有尖刺,老虎也拿他没有办法……这森林中大大小小动物都有各自的防卫武器,我们兔子却什么都没有,要生存多么艰难啊!”
突然,大灰狼从树丛后跳出来,张牙舞爪向白兔和灰兔扑过去。白兔见大灰狼就在眼前,吓得浑身发抖。灰兔见大灰狼气势汹汹地扑过来,一点不惊慌。他迅速转身,用臀部对着大灰狼,镇定地趴伏在沙滩上一动不动。大灰狼想,灰兔一定是被吓晕了,冷笑一声,张开大嘴就去咬灰兔。灰兔见时机已到,两只有力的脚快速地拨动沙子。沙子像子弹一样向大灰狼射去,霎时,大灰狼的眼睛里、嘴里满是沙子。大灰狼没有想到灰兔有这一招,揉着眼睛跌跌撞撞逃走了。
白兔见灰兔打败了大灰狼,十分佩服,说:“你真了不起,打败了凶恶的大灰狼。你为什么见了强敌毫不畏惧,能够以弱胜强呢?”
灰兔说:“我觉得生活在这个充满竞争、危机四伏的世界上,不能整天怨天尤人,只能坦然面对。有勇气和智慧,才能够战胜强敌。缺乏自信和勇气,没有和敌人交手就失败了。”
白兔说:“我缺乏自信和勇气,是因为觉得自己没有实力啊!”
灰兔指着自己有力的双腿说:“有了自信和勇气,就可以在不断的锻炼中积累起实力。”
如果一个人丧失了自信和勇气,也就失去了取得成功的可能性。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
很多学生觉得,只要脑袋里装满例子,写作时想要什么例子就有什么例子,就什么都不用愁了。其实,这是一种误解。议论文固然离不开例子,但例子并不能代替分析论证,议论文的力量,主要来源于作者丰富的生动的言之成理的思想,归根到底,要以说理取胜,并不是靠例子取胜。一篇八百字的议论文,你能举多少字的例子呢?例子多了,辨证分析的空间就小了,就很难把观点说透。许多学生就形成了一种强盗逻辑思维,不管三七二十一,叙完某人的成功之处就贴话题(命题),比如,在一次习作中,话题是尊重他人,有些学生就如此论证:李白之所以能够成为诗仙,能写出‘乘风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海’的名句,就在于他能够尊重他人;鲁迅之所以能够成现代文学巨匠就因他能够尊重他人,这就是一种强加,前面没有事例证明,后面没有辨证分析,这些伟人之所以能够取得这些成就,就一定是他们能够尊重他人的结果吗?这就说明没有思辨能力就无法做到把理说透。
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