1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
时光匆匆,还记得曾经路口的那盏灯和灯下的人。
——题记
时光早已不如往昔,我们的生活也渐渐在变化着,曾经的孩子已成为了如今的少年,但唯一不曾改变的却是那份不曾离去的感动,那个回家路上等我的人。
那时的我才10岁,接送我的爸爸因为单位工作忙,没时间接送我上学,于是我走上了一个人上学的路,那时那条路上总有那个等我的人,等我的那份爱和感动,那便是妈妈。年轻的她,漂亮的白裙子,站在路口等着回家的'孩子,记忆里那时的妈妈很美,那个等我回家的妈妈好漂亮。她总是跑来将我拥入怀中,用温柔的眼神看着我。
当我已不在是个小孩子,搬了新家,我也迈入了初中的大门,进入青春期的我,总爱和妈妈吵嘴,但不曾改变的依旧是那份小感动,因为那个等我的人从未离弃,我爱她。她总在回家的路上张望着,直到我的出现,她微微一笑,那年妈妈爱穿紫色的裙子,脸上却悄悄爬上了几条岁月的痕迹,不过路灯下的妈妈,依旧那么美,我心里依旧洋溢着小小的感动。
时光转眼已逝,我已成为高中生,每天早出晚归,见到星星的次数比见到妈妈的次数还多,但不曾改变的是哪个回家路上等我的人。第一天开学,还是哪个地方,我看见了妈妈的身影,我的心猛然的抽动了一下,妈妈高高的个子,那盏灯的光洒在她的头上,拉长了她的影子,发丝在微风中轻轻浮动,却也看到了妈妈额头上那时光走过的痕迹。虽然不明显,却也深深刺痛了我的心,我已不再是那往日的孩童,我心中更多的是感动,是爱。那天,妈妈穿着黑裙子,裙摆不时晃动,路灯下的她看到我松了口气。妈妈的年龄也随着时光在长,原来“不老时光”只是虚幻。不过,那个等我的人依旧那么美,那个路灯下的妈妈还是那么漂亮,我爱她。
不曾何时,时光已悄然流逝,连它的尾巴我们谁都看不到,妈妈在变年老,时光摆动着尾巴嬉闹而去,留下了我们。虽然我在长大,但依旧记得那个等我的人,那个路灯下的妈妈,那灯光里的爱,和唯一不变的风中的感动,将使我回家的路上多了那么一份牵挂和感动,我爱她。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
今天,我写完作业,拿着一块豆沙面包,高高兴兴地出去玩。
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