导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
弗莱明是苏格兰一个穷苦的农民。有一天,他救起一个掉到深水沟里的孩子。第二天,佛来明家门口迎来了一辆豪华的马车,从马车走下一位气质高雅的绅士。见到弗莱明,绅士说:我是昨天被你救起的孩子的父亲,我今天特地过来向你你表示感谢。弗莱明回答:我不能因救起你的孩子就接受报酬。
正在两人说话之际,弗莱明的儿子从外面回来了。绅士问到:他是你的儿子吗?农民不无自豪的回答:是。绅士说:我们订立一个协议,我带走你的儿子,并让他接受最好的教育,如果这个孩子能象你一样真诚,那他将来一定会成为让你自豪的人。弗莱名答应签下这个协议。数年后,他的儿子从圣玛利亚医学院毕业,发明了抗菌药物盘尼西林,一举成为天下闻名的弗莱明.亚历山大爵士。
有一年,绅士的儿子,也就是被弗莱明从深沟里救起来的哪个孩子染上了肺炎,是谁将他从死亡的边缘来了回来?是盘尼西林。那个气质高雅的人是谁呢/他是二战前英国上议院议员老丘吉尔,绅士的儿子是谁呢?他是二战时期英国著名首相丘吉尔。
本杰明。富兰克林曾说过,一个人种下什么,就会收获什么。我们如果真诚的待人,别人也会真诚地对待我们。弗莱明因为真诚才让自己的儿子有了成才的机会。老丘吉尔也因为真诚才挽救了自己儿子的生命,并使之成为20世纪影响人类历史进程的政治家。
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