简·爱是个孤女,她出生于一个贫穷的牧师家庭。不久父母相继去世。
幼小的简·爱寄养在舅父母家里。舅父里德先生去世之后,简·爱过了10年倍受尽歧视和虐待的生活。舅母把她视作眼中钉,并把她和自己的孩子隔离开来,从此,她与舅母的对抗更加公开和坚决了,简被送进了罗沃德孤儿院。
孤儿院教规非常的严厉,生活很艰苦,院长是个冷酷的伪君子。简·爱在孤儿院继续受到精神和肉体上的摧残。由于恶劣的生活条件,孤儿院经常有孩子病死,她最好的朋友海伦患肺结核去世。海伦去世后也使孤儿院有了大的改善。简·爱在新的环境下接受了六年的教育,并在这所学校任教两年。由于谭波尔儿小姐的离开,简·爱厌倦了孤儿院里的生活,登广告谋求家庭教师的职业。桑菲尔德庄园的女管家聘用了她。庄园的男主人罗切斯特经常在外旅行,她的学生是一个不到10岁的女孩阿黛拉·瓦朗,罗切斯特是她的保护人。
一天黄昏,简·爱外出散步,邂逅刚从国外归来的主人,这是他们的第一次见面。以后她发现她的主人是个性格忧郁、喜怒无常的人,对她的态度也是时好时坏。整幢房子沉郁空旷,有时还会听到一种令人毛骨悚然的奇怪笑声。一天,简·爱在睡梦中被这种笑声惊醒,发现罗切斯特的房间着了火,简·爱叫醒他并帮助他扑灭了火。
罗切斯特回来后经常在家举行家宴。在一次家宴上向一位名叫英格拉姆的漂亮小姐大献殷勤,简·爱被召进客厅,却受到布兰奇母女的冷遇,她忍受屈辱,离开了客厅。此时,她已经爱上了罗切斯特。其实罗切斯特也已爱上简·爱,他只是想试探简·爱对自己的爱情。当他向简·爱求婚时,她答应了他。
在婚礼的前夜,简·爱在朦胧中看到一个面目可憎的女人,在镜前披戴她的婚纱。第二天,当婚礼在教堂悄然进行时,突然有人出证:罗切斯特先生15年前已经结婚。他的妻子原来就是那个被关在三楼密室里的疯女人。法律阻碍了他们的爱情,使两人陷入深深的痛苦之中。在一个凄风苦雨之夜,简·爱离开了罗切斯特。在寻找新的生活出路的途中,简·爱风餐露宿,沿途乞讨,历尽磨难,最后在泽地房被牧师圣·约翰收留,并在当地一所小学校任教。不久,简·爱得知叔父去世并给她留下一笔遗产,同时还发现圣·约翰是她的表兄,简·爱决定将财产平分。圣·约翰是个狂热的教徒,打算去印度传教。他请求简·爱嫁与他并和他同去印度,但理由只是简·爱适合做一位传教士的妻子。简·爱拒绝了他,并决定再去看看罗切斯特。她回到桑菲尔德庄园,那座宅子已成废墟,疯女人放火后坠楼身亡,罗切斯特也受伤致残。简·爱找到他并大受震动,最终和他结了婚,得到了自己理想的幸福生活。
之所以说是一个失败的比喻,是因为作者似乎从头到尾都在有意将韩新月比作奥菲利亚,将楚雁潮比作哈姆雷特,就连最后郑晓京在新月之墓前都煞有介事地说了一句:“谁造出东西来比泥水匠、船匠或是木匠更坚固?掘墓的人!因为他造的房子可以一直住到世界末日。”本以为这一句有什么深意,没想到她淡淡地说:“没有什么特别的意思。你忘了吗?这是《哈姆雷特》里的台词。”(这部作品的一个很重要的缺点也是喜欢各种引经据典,导致文章十分冗长和啰嗦,这一点后面会说)如果说新月与奥菲利亚的共同点是她们都纯洁如白纸、善良近乎博爱,那么哈姆雷特的复仇对象是谁呢?难道要感叹一句“这是一个混乱颠倒的时代,唉,倒霉的我却要负起重整乾坤的责任”吗?显然不是。既然本无此意,那么就不该反复出现这个比喻。奥卡姆剃刀原理说的好:“如无必要,勿增实体。”后来又仔细一想,假如按照这个比喻来的话,那么韩子奇难不成是克劳狄斯?这真的是细思恐极。
此外小说的辞藻过于复杂,本来没必要的`引经据典在这里频频出现,且对推动剧情发展没有任何作用,就比如上文提到的郑晓京在新月之墓前说的那句:“谁造出东西来比泥水匠、船匠或是木匠更坚固?掘墓的人!因为他造的房子可以一直住到世界末日。”紧接着又说:“没有什么特别的意思。你忘了吗?这是《哈姆雷特》里的台词。”和《月亮与六便士》里那句未说出口的圣经以及“一个先令就能买到十三只上等牡蛎的日子”相比这一段话的高下立见。《六便士》的结尾不仅读来让人心潮澎湃,而且回味悠长。还是那句话,“如无必要,勿增实体”,如果没有什么特别的意思,那么为什么还要拿出来提一下呢?徒增文字而已了。
有点像作者在创作过程中反复向读者强调:我在写这本小说的时候读过这些东西!虽然与主角的爱恨情仇没有什么必然关系但是就很想向你们科普一下!这个特点最明显的在新月的葬礼,本来非常悲伤的情绪都已经给渲染上来了,生生被那个繁复的葬礼仪式给冷下去了,不知道作者究竟想渲染个怎样的氛围,神圣吗?那就只需要把那些诵唱的经文用简单易懂的文字描述出来,或是于无声处彰显力量,而不是用那些看起来非常蹩脚的阿拉伯文的音译大费周章地给读者介绍葬礼流程。其实很多处介绍穆斯林传统的描写都有这个弊病,所谓气氛破坏者,说的就是这个了。读者可以百度的东西,就不要和百度一样写得那么程式化,(不过为作者辩解一下,她创作的那个年代还没有百度)至少要贴合剧情,否则就好像一块贴纸,随便找了一块墙贴上去,尽管很好看,却与雪白的墙面相比十分突兀。你要想藏一朵花,就应该把它藏在花丛中,这才是正确的做法。
落叶
七一班耿港宁秋来了落叶了
落叶是一只黄色的蝴蝶啊翩翩的在空中潇洒
秋来了落叶了
落叶是一个顽皮的孩子啊欢快的在草地上玩耍
落叶看似悲哀却是为了明年的再
来
本人在参加英语BEC中级考试取得了不错的`成绩,现把我半年来在准备作文时常用到的一些句型推荐给大家,希望对备考英语BEC的网友有所帮助。
第一部分、BEC作文段首句常用句型:
一、对立观点命题形式的首句:
1. Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B , while others think quite differently on the issue of _____. Personally, I stand on the side of A .
2. Some people say A , other people argue B . In a word , _____. But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons.
3. There are different views concerning this topic . Some people like to CHOOSE A , some prefer to CHOOSE B . Personally , I prefer B . I think B has more advantages.
4. From my point of view , it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B . 5. Despite the fact that most people prefer A , I would like to choose B because the following reasons .
6. In general , I prefer to _____ .
7. As far as I am concerned , I would like to prefer _____ .
8. When it comes to _____ , most people tend to believe A . But others consider B as _____ .
9. When asked about _____ , the vast majority of people would support that A . But others regard B as _____ .
10. At the risk of address the issue too direct , I prefer A because I think that _____ .
11. When asked about _____ , many people give their opinions that _____ , but other people may see _____ differently .
12. When faced with _____ , quite a few would claim that _____ , but others , in contrast , deem _____ as _____ .
13. When inquired about _____ , the vast majority of people would like to _____ , but other people , who hold an opposite view , consider _____ as _____ .
14. When _____ is mentioned _____ , most people believe that _____ , but other people would rather think _____ as _____ .
15. While many people may stick to me idea that _____ , I would like to prefer _____ .
二、单一观点式
A . Agree
1. One of the greatest writers once said that _____ . Now , it still has its significant realistic value .
2. I would follow the reasoning that _____ .
3. Many people advocate that _____ . They claim that _____ . My opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons .
4. I totally agree with the statement that _____ . The reasons are presented below .
5. After pondering this question on many occasions , I finally reached the conclusion that _____ is something worthy to do and I cannot skip it .
6. my arguments for point are listed as follows.
7. I agree with the above statement because _____ .
8. Nowhere in the world has the issue of _____ been so much debated like in our society .
9. I agree with the statement that _____ without reservation because _____ . 10. Thinking logically , I can only say that the title statement is valid because _____ .
11. I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that _____ .
12. Some may hold the opinion that AAA . But others have a negative attitude . As far as I am concerned , I agree that _____ .
13. Many one have the idea that AAA . However , many others disagree with this argument . But both side of the problem whether _____ are supported by good reasons .
14. Recently , it has been much debated over the problem of AAA . Those who object to AAA announce that _____ . But those who favor AAA utter a sonorous voice that _____ .
15. Recently , there is vehement discussion on the issue of _____ . Those who criticize _____ argue that _____ . They claim that _____ . But people who firmly advocate _____ , on the other hand , argue that _____ .
16. There is a much-debated problem today about _____ . Those who object to _____ argue that _____ . They are very sure about _____ . But people who prefer _____ , on the other hand , claim that _____ .
B . Disagree
1. Until recently , _____ was viewed as _____ . But people are taking a fresh look at it .
2. Recently , we often hear about _____ . But is it ?
3. These days , it is often heard about _____ . But is this really the truth ?
4. I feel such an attitude is negative , and that it can bring _____.
5. Some people argue as if it is a general truth that _____ . But to be frank , I cannot agree with them for the flowing reasons .
6. Despite the fact that many people believe that _____ , I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis .
7. Although some people hold the opinion that _____ , I wonder whether the argument could bear close examination .
8. In the nationwide , discussion , many people argue that _____ . But I can say nothing but _____ .
9. Advocates of AAA proclaim that _____ , but I _____ .
10. Until recently , _____ was regarded as _____ . But _____ .
11. Some people think that _____ , but I disagree with this opinion for numerous reasons , as presented below .
12. Now , it is increasingly mentioned that _____ . Such people think _____ . But I can only cast doubt on whether _____ .
13. Now , it is widely believed that _____ . These people think _____ . But I wonder if _____ .
14. I cannot totally the idea that _____ . Because , in my point of view , I believe _____ .
15. As a matter of fact , I support that _____ , but I cannot agree with the title statement .
16. Nowadays , it is widely held that _____ . People of this kind think _____ .But I doubt whether _____ .
第二部分、BEC作文常用结尾句:
1. Taking into account of all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that_____ .
2. All reliable evidences point to one saying , that is _____ .
3. For the reasons presented above , I strongly commit to the notion that _____ .
4. While it is true that _____ , I think that _____ .
5. Given the factors I have just outlined , I can only say that _____ .
6. This is not to say that _____ . But in terms of _____ , it is _____ .
7. Therefore , it is easy to draw the conclusion that _____ .
8. Recognizing the fact that _____ should drive us to conclude that _____ .
9. To put all into a nutshell , I _____ .
10. In a word , I support the statement that it is better to _____ because Good stuff! Wonder why there are so few hits.
作者创作《简·爱》时的英国已是世界上的头号工业大国,但英国妇女的地位并因此而得到改变,依然处于从属、依附的地位,女子的生存目标就是要嫁入豪门,即便不能生在富贵人家,也要努力通过婚姻获得财富和地位,女性职业的惟一选择是当个好妻子、好母亲。以作家为职业的女性会被认为是违背了正当女性气质,会受到男性的激烈攻击,从夏洛蒂姐妹的作品当初都假托男性化的笔名一事,可以想见当时的女性作家面临着怎样的困境。而《简·爱》就是在这一被动的背景下写成的。
1、那天,出去散步是不可能了。其实,早上我们还在光秃秃的灌木林中溜达了一个小时,但从午饭时起便刮起了冬日凛冽的寒风,随后阴云密布,大雨滂沱,室外的活动也就只能作罢了。
2、我向来不喜欢远距离散步,尤其在冷飕飕的下午。试想,阴冷的薄暮时分回得家来,手脚都冻僵了,还要受到保姆贝茵的数落,又自觉体格不如伊丽莎、约翰和乔治亚娜,心里既难过又惭愧,那情形委实可怕。
3、在我右侧,绯红色窗幔的皱褶档住了我的视线;左侧,明亮的玻璃窗庇护着我,使我既免受十一月阴沉天气的侵害,又不与外面的世界隔绝,在翻书的间隙,我抬头细看冬日下午的景色。只见远方白茫茫一片云雾,近处湿漉漉一块草地和受风雨袭击的灌木。一阵持久而凄厉的狂风,驱赶着如注的暴雨,横空归过。
4、那就是书中提到的拉普兰、西伯利亚、斯匹次卑尔根群岛、新地岛、冰岛和格陵兰荒凉的海岸。“广袤无垠的北极地带和那些阴凄凄的不毛之地,宛若冰雪的储存库。千万个寒冬所积聚成的坚冰,像阿尔卑斯山的层层高峰,光滑晶莹,包围着地极,把与日俱增的严寒汇集于一处。”
5、我对这些死白色的地域,已有一定之见,但一时难以捉摸,仿佛孩子们某些似懂非懂的念头,朦朦胧胧浮现在脑际,却出奇地生动,导言中的这几页文字,与后面的插图相配,使兀立于大海波涛中的孤岩,搁浅在荒凉海岸上的破船,以及透过云带俯视着沉船的幽幽月光,更加含义隽永了。
6、每幅画都是一个故事、由于我理解力不足,欣赏水平有限,它们往往显得神秘莫测,但无不趣味盎然,就像某些冬夜,贝茜碰巧心情不错时讲述的故事一样。
7、我发现他真是个暴君,是个***人犯。我觉得一两滴血从头上顺着脖子淌下来,感到一阵热辣辣的剧痛。这些感觉一时占了上风,我不再畏惧,而发疯似地同他对打起来。我不太清楚自己的双手到底干了什么,只听得他骂我“耗子!耗子!”一面***猪似地嚎叫着。
8、那个阴沉的下午,我心里多么惶恐不安!我的整个脑袋如一团乱麻,我的整颗心在反抗:然而那场内心斗争又显得多么茫然,多么无知啊!我无法回答心底那永无休止的问题——为什么我要如此受苦。此刻,在相隔——我不说多少年以后,我看清楚了。
9、红房子里白昼、将尽。时候已是四点过后,暗沉沉的下午正转为凄凉的黄昏。我听见雨点仍不停地敲打着楼梯的窗户,狂风在门厅后面的树丛中怒号。我渐渐地冷得像块石头,勇气也烟消云散。往常那种屈辱感,那种缺乏自信、孤独沮丧的情绪,浇灭了我将消未消的怒火,谁都说我坏,也许我确实如此吧。
10、红房子事件并没有给我身体留下严重或慢性的后遗症,它不过使我的神经受了惊吓,对此我至今记忆犹新。是的,里德太太,你让我领受了可怕的精神创伤,但我应当原谅你、因为你并不明白自己干了些什么,明明是在割断我的心弦,却自以为无非是要根除我的恶习。
11、我先没有回答,顾自又推了一下窗子,因为我要让这鸟儿万无一失地吃到面包。窗子终于松动了,我撒出了面包屑,有的落在石头窗沿上,有的落在樱桃树枝上。
12、此刻,我站在空空荡荡的大厅里,面前就是餐室的门。我停住了脚步,吓得直打哆嗦,可怜的胆小鬼,那时候不公的惩罚竟使她怕成了这付样子!我既不敢退后返回保育室,又怕往前走向客厅。我焦虑不安、犹犹豫豫地站了十来分钟,直到早餐室一阵喧闹的铃声使我横下了心来:我非进去不可了。
13、我孤零零地站那里,成了战场上的胜利者。这是我所经历的最艰难的—场战斗,也是我第一次获得胜利。我在布罗克赫斯特先生站站过的地毯上站了一会,沉缅于征服者的孤独。我先是暗自发笑,感到十分得意。但是这种狂喜犹如一时加快的脉膊会迅速递减一样,很快就消退了。
14、我在控诉和恐吓里德太太时,内心恰如一片点燃了的荒野,火光闪烁,来势凶猛,但经过半小时的沉默和反思,深感自己行为的疯狂和自己恨人又被人嫉恨的处境的悲凉时,我内心的这片荒地,便已灰飞烟灭,留下的只有黑色的焦土了。
15、我第一次尝到了复仇的滋味。犹如芬芳的美酒,喝下时热辣辣好受,但回味起来却又苦又涩,给人有中了毒的感觉。此刻,我很乐意去求得里德太太的宽恕,但和直觉告诉我,那只会使她以加倍的蔑视讨厌我,因而会重又激起我天性中不安份的冲动。
16、走出门去,漫步在一片僻静的树林里。但是沉寂的树木、掉下的杉果,以及那凝固了的秋天的遗物,被风吹成一堆如今又冻结了的行褐色树叶,都没有给我带来愉快。我倚在一扇大门上,凝望着空空的田野,那里没有觅食的羊群,只有冻坏了的苍白的浅草。这是一个灰蒙蒙的日子,降雪前的天空一片混沌,间或飘下一些雪片。落在坚硬的小径上,从在灰白的草地上,没有融化。
17、一路行程,我已记得不多。只知道那天长得出奇,而且似乎赶了几百里路。我们经过几个城镇,在其中很大的一个停了下来。车夫卸了马,让乘客们下车吃饭。我被带进一家客找,护车人要我吃些中饭,我却没有胃口,他便扔下我走了,让我留在—个巨大无比的房间里,房间的两头都有一个火炉,天花板上悬挂着一盏枝形吊灯,高高的墙上有一个小小的红色陈列窗,里面放满了乐器。我在房间里来回走了很久,心里很不自在,害怕有人会进来把我拐走。
18、下午,天气潮湿,雾气迷蒙。白昼溶入黄昏时,我开始感到离开盖茨黑德真的很远了。我们再也没有路过城镇,乡村的景色也起了变化,一座座灰色的大山耸立在地平线上。暮色渐浓,车子驶进一个山谷,那里长着黑乎乎一片森林。夜幕遮盖了一切景物之后很久,我听见狂风在林中呼啸。
19、晚间的玩耍时光,我想是罗沃德一天中最愉快的一丁点儿时间。五点钟吞下的一小块面包和几口咖啡,虽然没有消除饥饿感,却恢复了活力。一整天的清规戒律放松了;教室里比早上要暖和;炉火允许燃得比平时旺,多少代替了尚未点燃的蜡烛。红通通的火光,放肆的喧闹,嘈杂的人声,给人以一种值得欢迎的'自由感。
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