In the cartoon we can see a large person being measured by a tailor to get suitable clothes made. Anything to be done must be measured in advance so that we are able to find a proper way to do it. If the tailor does not take measurements of the man, then he would not be able to make suitable clothes for this person.
This same principle applies to solving any other problem. Firstly, when we want to know the reality of something, we must describe it like it is, getting rid of our prejudices and exaggerations, so that we can have an unbiased view. Secondly, the object should be analyzed in a concrete way so that we can grasp the reasons and rules of it. Thirdly, we must adapt our approach to solving a problem, for each situation is different from the others. So we must view a problem from different perspectives.
The cartoon implies different meanings to different people. A teacher should adopt different teaching methods according to the students in the class; a doctor should prescribe different treatments according to the patient's symptoms; a farmer should seed different plants according to the various conditions of the earth. From a philosophical point of view, dissimilarproblems should be approached differently. Good results come from attentive analysis of a problem.
英语漫画作文写作指导
第一、读图审题
四级漫画作文中的漫画通常反映一个社会现象或生活哲理,要求考生根据自己对漫画的理解来写作。因此,要写好四级漫画作文,审题格外重要。考生在下笔之前要仔细看漫画,弄清漫画的寓意,这是文章切题的保证。此外,在本次四级考试的三道写作题中,Directions部分都给出了写作内容的大致方向,这也为考生把握漫画寓意提供了帮助。下面笔者就来逐一梳理2013年6月四级作文的三幅漫画及其传达的寓意。
第二、谋篇布局
在把握文章的主旨之后,考生就可以构思整篇文章的架构了。四级漫画作文的写作可以分为下面三个段落。
第一段:开门见山,简要描述一下漫画内容,并指出漫画的寓意。描述漫画内容是为了揭示其中的寓意,是手段而不是目的,所以描述要简洁明快,一般来说一句话足矣。需要提醒考生的是,写作的Directions部分虽然给出了大致的写作主题,但是也要求考生对漫画进行简要描述,因此考生切不可抛开漫画内容直接展开议论。
第二段:表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的重心所在。比如,就第一道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段阐述阅读文学作品的重要性;就第二道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述为什么凡事必须从小事做起;就第三道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述掌握基本技能的重要性。
第三段:指出漫画的寓意对大学生的教育意义,或者提出解决问题的建议。考生需要注意的是,结尾段一般并不需要实质性的分析,其主要作用是总结和升华,使文章结构完整。所以结尾段的写作要简明扼要,点到即止。
第三、论证方法
漫画作文的第二段要表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的核心段落,也是作文字数达到要求的关键。因此,考生在这一段要浓墨重彩,写深、写透。在写这一段时,考生要尽量摆事实、讲道理,避免空泛的议论。针对这一核心段落,笔者在此推荐以下三种展开议论的常用方法,希望对考生有所启发。
1.条分缕析
在写作第二段时,考生可以从2~3个方面对观点展开论述,这种写法可使文章显得层次清楚、条理清晰。例如,本次四级作文第一道题目的第二段需要阐述阅读文学作品的重要性,考生就可以从以下两个方面展开:第一,相对于电子媒体,文学阅读更能培养人的想象力;第二,阅读文学作品能够帮助我们更好地了解社会。请参考下面的'范文。
There wasa time when children could relish (欣赏/ 也可以使用appreciate 替换 literature. But childrentoday can enjoy the sounds and action on a TV or computer screen. “So why bother reading?” some ask. The reasonis obvious: It enriches our imagination. When we read apiece of literature, we are living the life of RobinHood or starting an adventure with Tom Sawyer. In addition, literature is the mirror of society,whether it be poetry, drama or fiction. We know thesociety better through literature.
2.举例论证
如果漫画所传达的是抽象的人生哲理,那么考生在论述时最好能举出具体的事例,尽量避免空洞的说教。比如,就本次四级作文第二道题目而言,考生可以在第二段中举出一些成功人士如何从小事做起的例子。笔者下面提供的范文中用到的是哈兰·桑德斯上校从一个小吃店做起,最后缔造出遍布全球的肯德基快餐帝国的例子,用以证明只有从小事做起,才能成就大事。请看下面的范文。
Everything is smallbefore it is big. A good example is KFC. In 1930 Colonel Harland Sanders beganserving food to his service station customers in Corbin, a city in Kentucky. He fried chicken in his own kitchen andperfected his secret recipe there. From the small roadside eatery, he went on to build an empire of fast food.
3.类比论证
如果漫画中的寓意不容易通过具体的事例来证明,那么考生还可以使用类比论证的方法,即通过打比方来论证一个抽象的道理。比如,对于本次四级作文的第三道题目,考生可以在第二段中用学习打篮球的过程来打比方。学习打篮球时,只有先学会了投球、运球、传球这些基本技能,才能进一步学习高难度的技能。以此类推,无论做任何事情,只有掌握了基本的技能,才可能取得更大的成功。此外,考生还可以举出统计数字,用具体的研究结果来证明论点。请看下面的范文。
Simple as they mayseem, basic skills serve as the first link in the chain of success. Thisis analogous to learning to play basketball. If shooting, dribbling and passing are not mastered,learning advanced skills will become difficult, if notimpossible. A growing body of research has also documented that such basicskills as reading, writing and computing are highlycorrelated with success later in life. A 2012 study surveyed 300 CEOs ofFortune 500 companies and found that 87% attributed part of their success tothe basic skills they learned in primary school.
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Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
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In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
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Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
1、(2分,意近即可酌情给分:引起读者的阅读兴趣,概括了热饮热食的危害,自然地引出了下文。
2、(5分:危害有:容易发生癌变(1分;不利于饮食的消化吸收(1分;难以细品食物的美味(1分。
途径(2分:调查发现、病理研究
3、(第一问2分:①举例子、②列数字 (第二问2分。选项不给分,但不写选项扣0.5分答案略
4、(3分:不能删去(1分。因为“可能”一词说明癌症除了与热饮热食有关外,还与其他因素有关,如果去掉“可能”就排除了其他因素,与原文不符(2分。
口腔食道都怕烫,热饮热食有损伤。上皮增生会恶变,吃饭喝汤不要忙。
温度对人具有诸多微妙作用。生命在进化中都有自身最适合的温度,进化程度越高,要求最佳适宜温度越严格。人体体温在37。C左右时,代谢活动处于最佳状态,人体细胞对高温的耐受性比低温差。热对肿瘤细胞也产生微妙的生物学作用,许多试验证明,肿瘤细胞的致死温度临界点为42.5。C~43。C,在此温度范围内,延长加温时间可抑制肿瘤细胞生长,由此产生了温热疗法治疗肿瘤。
但是事物都具有两面性。流行病学调查发现,一些地区的食管癌、贲门癌、口腔癌又可能与热饮热食有关,就是说有可能某些黏膜上皮的肿瘤是“烫”出来的。我国新疆哈萨克族居住的地区喜欢饮用热奶茶,一日数遍;东南沿海潮汕地区的居民喜喝“功夫茶”,且要趁热饮用;太行山区的人们习惯于趁热喝大碗粥。①这些地区都是我国食管癌的高发区。当然,肿瘤的发生原因复杂,并非单一因素,流行病学调查,太行山区成为食管癌高发区除热食外,还与饮食特点如粗、快、硬等有关。
研究发现,人体在37。C左右的情况下,口腔和食管的温度多在36.5。C~37.2。C,最适宜的进食温度在10。C~40。C左右,一般耐受的温度最高为50。C~60。C。当感到很热时,温度多在70。C左右。②经常热食的人,在温度很高的情况下也不觉得烫,但是在接触75。C左右的热食、热饮时,娇嫩的口腔、食管黏膜会有轻度灼伤,灼伤的黏膜表层会及时脱落、更新,基底的细胞会迅速增生、更新、补充、,久而久之,增生的细胞速度如异常加快或在不良刺激下发生变异,最终产生不良后果。另外,由于黏膜在热刺激不断增加的情况下会增厚,增厚的黏膜受热刺激反应会越来越不敏感,加之食管黏膜的神经反射本来就很迟纯,这样会越来越不怕热,越不怕热会越敢吃烫的东西,而吃得越烫,口腔黏膜会越增厚。如此恶性循环,人会不由自主地接受越来越严重的灼伤刺激。这种刺激带来的损伤还有可能引起久治不愈的食管炎,这种食管炎有时伴有间变细胞,有人提示这有可能是癌前病变之一。研究人员发现,食管癌往往合并有食管炎,食管炎往往比食管癌早10年。
热饮热食不但与肿瘤的发生有关,而且对食物的消化吸收也不利。食物太烫,在口腔存在时间偏短,刺激唾液分泌减少,以及唾液与食物混合过程不充分,这不利于饮食的消化吸收。另外,温热刺激能掩盖味觉的充分体验,往往难以细细品味各种食物的美味。
饮食过烫,不论从防癌或一般饮食卫生角度看,都属于不良的生活习惯。应努力纠正,尤其是那些有食管贲门癌家族史的人,更应早日改弦易辙。
清淡温凉吃美味,食不过烫保平安。
1、文章用四句诗开头,有什么作用?(2分
2、细读全文,说一说“热饮热食”对人体有哪些危害?这些结论是通过什么途径得出的?(5分
3、划线处各用了哪种说明方法?请任选一处说明它的作用。(4分
4、文章句子“流行病学调查发现,一些地区食管癌,贲门癌、口腔癌又可能与热饮热食”中“可能”能不能删去?为什么?(2分
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