1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
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Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
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In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
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Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
“爸爸,如今一周就要吃一次饺子。天天都是精米白面,顿顿都有肉吃。这样的饭菜经常吃。你说,这饺子能香吗?”我继续和爸爸斗嘴皮。爸爸和妈妈都说:“对啊,现在是吃的好了。我们像你这样大的时候,真吃不上这样的肉馅饺子。既或许能吃一次饺子,那也是洋芋和萝卜菜,很难有肉。”“ 哦?真的吗?我不信。”我依然用怀疑的口吻和他们斗嘴皮。
饭桌上,爸爸和妈妈唠起了他们的童年生活。
爸爸说:“我小的时候,就见你爷爷、奶奶,起早贪黑的上地干活,可每年分口粮时,就那么几口袋。我那时,每天都盼着能吃个饱肚子。可惜…..”爸爸一边吃饺子一边劝我多吃几个饺子,说我别像他长不高,也不壮实。看着爸爸那瘦小、有点单薄的身体,我常常戏谑地说:“爸,看你多像豆芽菜。小时候肯定不好好吃饭,是个不听话的孩子。”妈妈笑着说:“那时,要是有吃的,你爸爸肯定长高了。那个包谷面‘煮陀陀’都不能多吃。你想有多穷。你看,现在多好。要吃的有吃的,要穿的有穿的,就连玩具都这么多…….”
听着爸爸、妈妈细说他们的童年。我在想,我爸爸、妈妈的`童年为啥那么穷?是不是地里不长粮食,还是干活的人太懒?我在这样想的时候,爸爸笑着告诉我:“傻孩子,你想错了。是那时的政策没有今天的政策好。我们今天的好日子,全靠改革开放和今天的富民政策。”我好像懂得“富民政策”是什么含义似的,就自言自语地说:“哦,我爸爸、妈妈的童年缺的是‘富民政策’,那像我这样有福气,什么也不缺。”妈妈听了我的话,开心的笑了,爸爸也笑了。这时,一股暖风拂面吹来,我觉着似乎又有新的“惠民政策将要吹来。”
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