To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
为了个人的安全与健康成长、家人的幸福,我保证做到:
1、上学、放学路上小心行走,不在路上打闹、追逐,遵守路队纪律。不在路 上逗留,及时上学、按时回家。
2、行走时靠右边,先看看有无车辆再过马路,不要抢道,多礼让他人、车辆。
3、上课不乱讲话,发言要举手,认真听讲,认真及时完成作业,认真学习,遵守课堂纪律。
4、及时、认真做好值日,集体活动时注意活动纪律,以集体利益为重,
5、遵守学校纪律,课上、课间不大声喧哗,不与同学打闹、追逐等,团结他人,互帮互助。不爬窗户,不到南小墙、台阶、栏杆处玩耍,不爬垃圾坑小墙。不拿石子、石头玩。不拿小刀、钢笔等尖锐的东西玩耍 ,以免伤着自己或他人。不做危险的事。
6、中午注意午休,不准提前到校,要遵守学校、班级规定,按时到校,按时回家。
7、不到小河、池塘等有水的地方玩耍、捉鱼等,不在水边逗留。不到有电力设备的地方玩。
8、雷雨天不在外玩耍, 不到大树下避雨,不到流水处玩耍。
9、不乱扔垃圾,不随地吐痰。不说脏话、不打架、不骂人。讲文明,懂礼貌。多用礼貌用语,如:谢谢!对不起。
10、节约用水,爱惜粮食,不吃零食,不吃腐烂瓜果,不喝生水,讲究卫生,勤俭节约,爱护书籍、文具等。不破坏公物。
11、做一名遵守纪律的好学生,做一名合格的“安全监督员”(见到不利现象,多给同学提醒,并及时向老师汇报。
我保证做到以上几点,而且还要做得更好!
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
“蚁族闹蜗居,神马驾浮云”,从虚拟世界到现实生活,网络热词已经成为一种醒目的社会现象和文化存在,其影响越来越难以忽视。
网络热词走红,最根本的原因是当今社会的发展和进步,它集中表现了国人的参与意识和监督意识,也反映了“雷人”、调侃、“山寨”等社会心理和文化征候。其实,网络热词不只是“词”:小到一个词或词的构成单位,大到一个完整的句子,都在它的所指范围内。并且,无论从来源渠道还是使用范围来说,网络热词也不仅仅限于网络世界,在现实世界中也经常见到它们的身影。
网络热词为什么会“热”起来?最根本的原因是当今社会的发展和进步:一是人们的物质需求得到基本的满足并有了一定的保障,这才开始注重精神方面的追求、刺激和满足;二是人们的思想空前解放、社会氛围宽松自由;三是互联网时代所提供的巨大便利。
网络热词是当今人们社会意识和心理的直接反映,从个体的角度来说,最主要的就是集中表现了国人的关心意识、参与意识和监督意识。现代社会中,人们的角色定位日趋理性、合理,由此而对各种社会现象和某些事件的关心意识、参与意识都空前增强;而人们的关心和参与更多地集中在那些有损于社会正义与公平的方面,并有非常明显的褒贬倾向,由此就体现了很强的批判意识。
通过数量众多、范围广泛、面目各异的网络热词,可以基本把握社会生活的脉搏。在教育部、国家语委刚刚发布的年度中国语言生活状况报告中,列出了五大年度热词“躲猫猫、七十码、蜗居、钓鱼执法、楼脆脆”,无疑都是非常深刻的年度记忆。
作为一种语言现象,网络热词除了反映当今的社会意识和文化外,更直接地表现出当今社会表达中的一些普遍心理和追求,而这也是我们全面了解和认识它的一个非常重要的方面。
一是“雷人”心理。早就有人指出,人民群众是最伟大的语言学家,这话在当今的社会生活中得到了前所未有的体现和最充分的证明。在网络热词的创造者一方,以前通常说“语不惊人死不休”,而今则是“语不雷人死不休”,为了达到这一目的,不惜殚精竭虑、绞尽脑汁制造出各式各样的新奇乃至于怪异的形式;而就接受和使用者一方来说,往往也是喜闻乐用、趋之若鹜。我们甚至可以说,“雷人”已经成为全民话语时代的一个显著标签。
二是“调侃”心理。这一心理经常借助于游戏性的语言形式来实现。语言有游戏功能,传统的字谜以及回文诗等都是,而现代人借助新的媒体形式,在新的社会意识和心理的牵引、作用下,更是把语言的这一功能发挥到极致。然而,这里的调侃早已不仅仅是语言层面的文字游戏,而更多地表现为一种心理层面的无奈、排遣与宣泄。看一看、想一想“逗(豆你玩”吧,人们对绿豆涨价的不满和无奈,竟然采用了这样一种表达方式!有人把无房、无车、无女朋友的“三无”男青年称为“低碳哥”,相应的也有“低碳姐/妺”,堪称现代版的黑色幽默。
三是“山寨”心理。当今的“山寨文化”已经渗透到社会生活的许多方面,它的实质一是“拿来主义”,二是从众心理。网络热词创制及使用中的山寨心理一方面表现为大量借用与改造已有形式(如谐音改字,类推仿造等,另一方面表现为更多人的即时接受、使用和传播,由此往往造成了某些网络热词一时的“井喷式”爆发。
网络热词早已成为一种客观存在,它不仅以独特的方式即时反映现实生活,而且还寄寓了人们丰富的社会情感,同时也在一定程度上影响以至于改变了人们的思维和表达方式。面对着铺天盖地的网络热词,我们既需要开放胸怀,也需要理性鉴别,去粗取精,去莠存良,善加引导,最大限度发挥其积极作用。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
现在网络上有越来越多的网络热名词,从以前的蓝瘦香菇到现在的皮皮虾我们走起来,这些名词我也是无能为力了,真的是不明白,他们这些人是怎么想到这么多点子,从此因为这个名词从此一炮而红的,在我看来,如果我不懂这些只是我不去关注,但是我身边的朋友知道了我不懂这些名词之后的反应是惊讶然后是嫌弃,他们现我是一个土包子,从此以后我只能不懂装懂,在朋友面前,不会用这样的热名词,有许多人认为这样和好笑,但是我认为这是没有素质的体现。
我们每个人都在追求高品质的生活,但是在追求高品质的生活过程中我们却用了低俗的话语来做铺垫,所以我们要努力的改善我们的不足,但是我们还应该清醒地认识到这些网络名词都是来源于我们的'生活,就拿现在我们生活中的热名词来举例吧!最近新出的热名词火车推,相信不少人已经听过了,这个例子完完全全的展示了我们生活中的状况。
下面我来介绍一下火车推的来源,火车推的意思是火车上的推销语,而且是非常夸张的推销语,但是也有不夸张的,例如香烟瓜子火腿肠,啤酒饮料矿泉水,让一让让一让。”经过了今年的春运以后,在车上推销已经成为了常用手段,而且趁着顾客需要什么,他们就卖什么,例如,现在几乎人手一个手机了,所以说靠着人人都要用手机,人人都需要电,开始推销,最开始买充电宝,虽然推销的时候说的比较夸张,但是卖的是比较实用的,可是有些人不仅推销的时候语言夸张,而且卖的都是一点也不实用,只是靠着巧妙的语言获取孩子们的好奇心,父母受不了孩子哭闹,就用钱来买给孩子,这样他们就推销成功了,这种现象每天都会发生,有时每天会发生上百例,甚至上千例。
从这种现象可以看出,虽然我们的社会进步的越来越快,但是问题暴露的也就越来越多,所以我们不仅要帮助社会进步,还要让自己的素质更加进步,让社会风气变得整洁干净,创造更美好的明天,这才是当季时代最需要的。
但是光有我们的坚持好够吗?现在之所以会变成这样还是以为我们的文学素养不够高,如果我们在火车上文明一点,不再喧哗打闹,也就不会有人再好意思去打破这安静的气氛,这也是我们需要反省的,所以这不仅让我们意识到,我们创造了网络,网络改变了我们,这才是许多不好的现象的本质,希望我们共同进步,创造更美好的明天吧!
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