在教学过程中,发现不少学生害怕作文,一提起笔就抓耳挠腮,经了解有几方面的原因:
1、觉得无内容可写,乱编的多。
2、语言积累少,干巴巴的,难以写具体。
3、对周围事物没有留心观察。
4、缺乏想象力。
5、题材千篇一律,难以表达真情实感。
针对以上问题,如何来提高农村孩子的写作能力呢?下面谈谈本人的几点看法。
非谓语动词系列训练(二)
一:在句子意思不变的情况下用分词或不定式改写下列句子:
1.When he saw from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.
-----___________from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.(用分词
2.When it was seen from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. (用分词 ------_____________from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. city. (用分词
3.When he was asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
-------When ________ why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (用分词
4. Do you know the boy who knows Japanese?
----- Do you know the boy ___________ Japanese? (用分词
5. Do you know the boy who is called Tom.
---- Do you know the boy ________Tom.- (用分词
6. This is the man who organized the activity.
This is the man________________ the activity. (用分词
7. He followed his students and came in.
------ He came in, ____________ his students(用分词
8. He came in and was followed by his students
----- He came in ,____________by his students(用分词
9.The woman who was dressed in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us.
---- The woman _____________ in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us. (用分词
10. Because he is a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research.
---- _______ a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research. (用分词
11. He was born on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood.
----- ____________on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood. (用分词
12. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless it is watered every day.
---The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____________ every day. (用分词
13.When we were walking dogs, we came across a famous professor.
------ When ____________ dogs, we came across a famous professor. (用分词
14. He donated over 10 billion dollars in order that he could sponsor education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.
----- He donated over 10 billion dollars _____________education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.(用不定式
15 After he had finished his homework, he played the piano.
----- ____________ his homework, he played the piano.
16. After the bridge had been completed, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.
----______________________, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.
17 It is said that Bell invented the telephone.
18. Bell is said __________ the telephone. (用不定式
19. I don’t decide what I should do.
I don’t decide what__________(用不定式
20. It happened that he had been invited
---- He happened _____________
21.He was so young that he could not go to school. He was too young __________ to school.
22. When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
----- The test __________, we began our holiday.(用独立主格结构
23. As time goes by ,he becoms aware of it.
With time ________ by, he becomes aware of the significant of it.
24. The moon, which travels round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.
---- The moon, ___________ round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.
25. Though he had been told several times, he didn’t understand me.
-----_______ several times, he didn’t understand me.
26. After the problem was solved,he took a rest.
----With the problem ____________, he took a rest.
27. If time permits, we will
28.He lay there, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
---He lay there, his hand_______, his eyes looking straight up
29.I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, which enabled me to understand the love in a family.
------I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, ______________ me to understand the love in a family. (用分词
30.There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, which attracts lots of tourists from different places every year.
------There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, ____________ lots of tourists from different places every year. (用分词
二:非谓语动词完成句子练习
there was no doctor available. (only
, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park? (spend
. (think
包括三名儿童). (child
5. 根据他的话判断), he did well in his exam. (judge
the Tang Dynasty. (date
7. This is an article (由五部分组成)five parts. (consist
five parts.(make
as soon as possible. (solve
bored a lot of fans to death. (concern
, l cannot object to your marriage. (concern
子)at school? (keep)
(躲在木箱里)behind the door. (hide
,we had to walk home last night. (be.
in the broad daylight yesterday. (rob
(满是脚印). (mark
(石油价格上涨), the economy of that country is slowing down. (go
18. When the national flag is being hoisted, all the students stand at attention, . (fix
him, I decided to write again. (hear
20. He doesn’t seem to mind by others. (make
next week is of great importance. (hold
is very important. (hold
is of great importance. (hold
the Third World. (belong
(致力于研究), the professor paid little attention to his surroundings. (devote
in the morning. (come
(为了确保那孩子尽快康复),five doctors took turns looking after him day and night. (ensure
,the old man struggled to his feet. (help
, the parents were taken to the dining room. (show)
(.support)
. (drop)
, I am not familiar with this kill. (tell
(为了不被注意)by others . (notice
三:合并下列句子
1. The annual school sports meeting was held yesterday. It presented a marvelous opening ceremony.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. After the opening ceremony, we sat in the base of our class. We waited patiently for the beginning of the race.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Some of my classmates work very hard, and they hope to fulfill their dream. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4..My friend Christine took part in the 800-meter race. She had received training many times, so she kept calm before the race. After 400 meters, though she looked tired, she still tried her best to run. We screamed and beat the drum when we saw she passed by. She won the medal, and we were proud of it. (把短文中的从句或并列句改成非谓语动词
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四:语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。(一)
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_________(make)serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]_________(base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠. He wanted to see if [4]________(put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease
[5]________(trouble) minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary. Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit with his patients and [7]________(listen)to them talk. He had them [8]________(talk)about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to
[9]___________(express). There could be no[10]________(hold)back because of fear or guilt. 基础写作 :最近,你就读的学校——广东实验中学高中部将举办开放日。 你将作为学校的
学生代表向前来参观的英语老师介绍高中校区的基本情况,请准备好你的解说词,文章的开头和结尾已为你写好。(学会用非谓语动词表达)
?位置交通:位于广州市西部,荔湾区;出行便利,步行到地铁站约10分钟。 ?学校历史:逾120年的悠久历史;现高中校区于2004年 竣工并投入使用。 ?校园环境:占地面积约125,000平方米;植物繁茂,绿树成荫,环境优美。 ?校园设施:课室宽敞明亮,配备齐全;拥有标准运动 设施,
其中综合体育馆可用于举办比赛、会议和典礼。
?师生情况:目前学生约3000人,教师约200人;全体师生正在
为学校更美好的明天共同奋斗。
?【写作要求】
?只能用5个句子表达全部内容。?【评分标准】 ?句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。
Good morning, teachers! Welcome to Guangdong Experimental High School!.....
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
非谓语动词练习答案
1.Seeing 2.Seen (原句有误,请改成When it was seen from the top of the mountain,the city is beautiful (用分词 3. asked 4. knowing 5. called 6. organizing 7. following 8. followed 9. dressed 10. Being 11. Born 12. watered 13. walking 14. to sponsor 15. Having finished 16. Having been completed 17 18.. to have invented
19.to do 20. to have been invited 21. to go 22 finished 23. going 24. travelling 25. Having been toldTold 26. solved 27.permitting 28. clenched 29.enabling 30. attracting
二:非谓语动词完成句子练习
Keys:
1. only to be told (that 2. to spend your spare/free time
3. thinking about 4. including three children/ three children included
5. Judging from / by his words/what he said
6. dating back to/from (which dates back to/from
7. consisting of / which consists of
8. made up of/which is made up of 9. to solve the problem
10. concerning the football match 11. As/So far as I am concerned
12. (in keeping five children 13. hidden in a wooden box
14. There being no bus 15. to have been robbed
16. Seen from the top of 17. Seeing from the top of
18. To see 19. marked with footprints
20. the price of oil going up 21. fixed on/upon the national flag
22. with (both his hands tied 23. Not having heard from
24. (his being made fun of 25. to be held
汉字与英语是世界上使用人数最多的语言,拼音可以说是两者的一部分结合体,生活中的很多事都要用到拼音,那既然这样的话,三者一定有很大的共同点,我们可以来讨论讨论。
先说汉字,汉字是源于中国,是中国的古老文化、中国的国粹。我们现在有些人甚至一些老师都认为他们已经算是识字了,可事实上并不是如此。中华文化,博大精深、根深蒂固,
从最初的甲骨文到金文再到后来的隶书、篆书、标准的`楷书、和现在的行书成千上万,现在发现的甲骨文有4500多种单行字,可我们能够识别的只有1000种。金文是甲骨文的演化,是新的智慧的结晶,而现在发现了4000种,但我们能够识别的只有20xx种,可见中华文化的精彩。文字有两种含义,“文”代表的是某种事物的外形表现,艺术的表现。而“字”则是在外形表现上的规范化。
英语是来源于欧洲,而实际上,英语比汉字更加复杂,、繁琐,英语与中文的相同点在于都有类似于主、谓、宾,这样的语法规则,都有音标,中文的拼音。而不同点在于,发音规则,比如:中国人发音位置在喉咙处,因此声音清脆,而英国人发音位置则是在胸腔、腹腔位置上,声音比较浑浊,沉重,语言习惯,语言序法不同。比如how are you?意思是你在干嘛?而中国人一般在后面加一个疑问字加一个问号,如果用我们中国的文化来翻译的话则成为:“什么、是、你、做”,显然不通顺,而这就是英国人的习惯了,把重要的词语放在前面,作用不太大的放到后面,与中文相反,这就是两种无言的相同处于不同处。
拼音是两种语言的集合体,运用很广,它有英语的音标,中文的规则。而实际上,它是一种发音的语调,与英语、中文相同的一点是。它拥有鼻音、前鼻音、后鼻音等发音规则,只要使用这些语调,就会发生改变,通俗的说:就是方言。实际上,这个世界上哪里有最标准的语言?每个人与每个人说话的音调不同,比如:四川人于云南人的话语有很大差别,当你敢说不是中文吗?不是中国话吗?外国人也有,民族与民族之间,地区与地区之间。曾经就有这样的一个笑话:以前云南省有位干部是南方一个小城市的人,再一次大会上,拿着文稿在演讲到:我们云南是一个美丽的城市时,一阵风把稿子吹飞了,他便发火说道:“雀神怪鸟的”。听众疑惑,有人便对他说道:“是要先放气球,后放鸽子。”于是他说道:“放雀”于是有人又说:“是鸟,不是雀。”可他仍然说道:“是雀的嘛。”这个故事实际上是让我们知道:话,都是中国话,但由于音调使得听的人听不懂,从而变为了另外一个意思。而拼音实际上就是取到了规范音调的效果。这是与中文、英语最大的相同点!
语言,看似千变万化,实则一通百通,只要懂了习惯与不同点,是可以归纳出另一种语言的规则,从而更好的学好语言!
一、启发回忆,确定写作素材;
1、谈话启发
师:同学们,你们肯定有很多朋友。谁能说一说,你交了哪些朋友?
生:我的朋友有同学、邻居、亲戚,有小朋友,也有大朋友。
生:我有十分熟悉的小伙伴。
师:除了这些人以外,你们还有什么特别的朋友吗?
生:有!自然界里的花草树木、鸟兽虫鱼、家禽,这些也是我们的朋友。师:这些有生命的动植物,和人类共同生存在这个地球上。我们应当像
看待老朋友一样,与它们和谐、友好地相处,甚至还要保护它们。师:说一说,你们喜欢哪些动物朋友,你对它知道些什么?
2、交流归纳
1亲自喂养、接触过的动物,如金鱼、猫、哈巴狗、小鸡、小鸭?
2到动物园、海洋世界观察过的动物,如老虎、孔雀、海龟、各种鱼类?3在电视(动物世界和书本上了解到的动物。
3、明确要求
引导学生读懂习作提示,弄清习作的训练目标。
二、师生互动、描摹观察
1、画一画
选择你喜爱的一种动物,把它的外形简要画下来,把自己当成“动物世界”
的解说员,准备向别人介绍。
2、说一说
师:你画的什么,能向别人介绍一下吗?
生:我家养着一只小花猫,它的头上有两只耳朵,两只眼睛,身上长着四条腿,还有一条尾巴。
师:你讲得很清楚。可是,如果前面不说是猫,你们能知道所讲的是什么动物吗?不能!这是为什么?“两只耳朵,两只眼睛,四条腿,一条尾巴”的动物多着呢!
生:我知道了,要注意动物的特征,找出动物之间的不同点来。
师:你的领悟很好,能举个例子吗?
生:比喻说,鸡的嘴巴是尖尖的,鸭的嘴巴是扁扁的,小猪的嘴巴是圆圆的。鸟类的爪,兽类的蹄,贝类的壳,鱼类的鳞,它们的外形和作用是不一样的。
师:这是采用与其他动物进行比较的方法,还可以用什么方法把动物描述得更加具体形象呢?
3、师生归纳
4、小组交流
三、评改延伸,深化习作感受
1、小组评改;
1读一读:边读边把错别字和用错的标点改过来,把拗口的句子改通顺。2评一评:哪部分写得欠具体,表达不准确,相互提议改一改。
3想一想:自己的感情表达充分吗,还可以怎样抒发自己的真情实感。
2、班级交流如何写作物作文。
一、选题和基本思路
1.选题的出发点
在接受任务后,我所做的第一件事情是认真学习新的《教学大纲》,重点研读了写作的教学内容和要求以及教学中要重视的问题。然后,比较分析了第四、五、六单元的“引写”,一个是观察事物的特点,一个是观察景物的特点,再有一个就是想象。最后选定了“想象”是因为它更能反映新大纲的特点,这是基于以下几点来考虑的:
第一,新大纲的教学目的中提到,要“发展学生的语感和思维”。而“想象”作为写作过程中必不可少的思维因素,显然比另外两者——观察——更能体现这一教学要求。思维呆滞、想象力贫乏的学生,写文章总是吃力的、枯燥乏味的;想象力丰富,语文基础较扎实的学生,则可能写出妙趣横生的文章。这是考虑到想象本身在思维及作文中的地位和作用。
第二、新大纲也十分重视想象在语文学习中的重要作用,其中写道:“运用联想或想象,丰富表达的内容。”还有,“要重视学生思维能力的发展。在语文教学的过程中,指导学生运用比较、分析、归纳等方法,发展他们的观察、记忆、思考、联想和想象的能力,尤其要重视培养学生的创造性思维。”因此我们选择了想象这一具有一定难度的课题。
2.对本节课性质的认识
我们认为,这是一节作文课,是融入对学生思维品质培养的作文课,也是一节片断作文课。
这是一节作文课,是学生运用文字进行表达的训练课,“写”应当是整个课程设计的核心,以发展学生写作能力为这节课的终极目标。
但是,鉴于想象的重要性,这节作文课又不同于其他作文课,对学生思维品质培养应当是贯穿全课的一条线索。新大纲要求:“语文教学中,要加强综合,简化头绪,突出重点……”那么,在这节课中,突出的就应当是借助于想象作文的训练,培养学生思维的丰富性、敏捷性、严密程度和创造程度。
通过对教材的研究,我们发现,教材设计的三条练习都不是通常所谓“大作文”的题目。或者说,要生运用想象去创作的部分,都不是很长,是片断作文的练习。我们认为,这是恰当的,是符合初一学生的年龄特点的。因此,我在这节作文课的设计中纳入了整个作文的全过程:作前、作中、作后的练习与指导,这样呈现出来的就是一个完整的教学过程,较为准确的理解和把握了编者的意图。
3.凸显学生主体地位
新大纲要求:“教学过程应突出学生的实践活动,指导学生主动的获取知识,科学的训练技能,全面提高语文能力。”因此,我们的一个指导原则就是,能交给学生的时间就交给学生,能让学生做的就让学生去做。在这节课中,学生写作、讨论、评点、修改的时间占整个学时的一半以上。
另外,新大纲还要求:“要提倡灵活多样的教学方式,尤其是启发式和讨论式。” 在教学设计中,我们也力求做到这一点。
二、教学要求的定位
1.本课时在想象作文训练序列中的定位
无论是学生想象力的培养,还是想象作文的训练,都不可能是一蹴而就的,应当随着学生年龄的增长和智力的发展循序渐进的有计划、有序列的培养。这一节课是学生进入初中以来第一次接触到想象作文,是一节起始课,因而,不能追求面广量大,否则会导致浮泛而不扎实,如蜻蜓点水,如浮光掠影,无所收效。所以,我在教学设计中只选择一个题目,集中力量在这个题目的完成中对学生的思维品质进行培养,力求开口小而挖掘深,为以后继续深入的学习打下坚实的基础。
2.学习目标及重点难点的定位
这节课的学习目标定位于学习写想象作文,其中不仅有知识的传授,更多的是是能力培养。因而,对“引写”的知识短文中的要点要求学生在预习中达到了解的层次即可,在课上也只提及要点,而不作全面的研读。
这节课的学习重点定位于想象要合理和想象要有新意,学习难点定位于想象要有新意。这样的安排在配套的教参中有详尽的论述,这里不多说了。我们要强调的是采用“有新意”这样的措辞,而不采用创造性或创新精神这样的说法,是因为教学要求要切合学生的实际,不宜拔高学生的水平,对学生提过分的要求。课本上知识短文的提法是科学的,合理的,我认为作为教师要灵活运用好教材。
3.对于学生的定位
因为面对的是初一刚进校的学生,学生的社会阅历和知识面都有限,所以,我们选择了最贴近学生生活的材料——拆闹钟这一则,让学生有话可写,不在选材上设置障碍,就可以使得学生的注意力集中到想象上来,也保证了写作的速度。选择练习一作为课外作业,也是出于同样的考虑。
三、教学结构的设计和学习目标的落实
教学内容的设计突出了写、议、评、改四个字,力求做到随着学生写作过程的发展,思维的训练也步步推进,在不同层次中提出不同的教学要求。
1.作前指导
本课旨在培养学生想象作文的能力,而“想象”要做到合理于有新意,特别是要做到有新意,就需要教师给予学生有充分的自由想象的时间和空间。因此,本课的设计是在写作之前让学生感知想象以及想象作文的.基本要求,然后立即迅速的使学生切入到自主思维即作文中,以免适得其反,指导过多可能束缚住学生的思维。在这样的思路下,我们在导语之中融入提出想象的要求,《幼时记趣》既是一个由读引入写的导入,一个想象能力的迁移过程,也是和明确想象的要求的重要的过程。在写作之前只对学生提出两点要求:一是鼓励学生大胆想象,并注意想象的合理与有新意;一是对字数和时间的要求。就后者而言,大纲上的要求是“45分钟能完成500字左右的习作”。我们发现,由于课本上设计的这个题目很贴合学生实际,有不少学生自己就拆过闹钟或类似的,他有话可写,所以事实上学生写起来还是很快的。因此,我们要求学生在12分钟左右的时间完成300字以内的想象片断作文。实际操作下来,这是可行的。
2.写作
写作的时间完全交给学生,教师不多说一句话。这段时间看似寂静,实际上是教师和学生的思维活动都高度紧张的时刻,是决定这节课能否收到效果,收到多大效果的基础。
3.作后评点
先是学生的小组讨论。这段教学过程设计的用意有两点:其一,学生起初思维的活动是有层次之分的,写出来的作文是有高下之分的,而且,由于作前指导得较少,这个区别可能还很大。那么,通过这样的一个小组交流,学生自然心中有了比较,吸取了别人作文中想象的优点,从而缩小了学生之间的差异,为后来的全班点评做好铺垫。其二,我们原来的作文教学模式是单向的,学生写,教师改,然后又回到这个学生手中。这堂课中增加小组讨论样一个环节,就使得学生在一个民主合作的氛围中,形成多向的信息的交换,这对学生的思维的刺激是巨大的,学生的收获也是丰富的。
然后是比较评点,这是教学目标得以落实的关键环节。在这个环节中,我们力求做到安排好所评点的作文的层次:想象,合理的想象,有新意的想象。对于每一篇例文的评点都突出推究是否合理与有新意,做到重点突出,使学生学有收获。在评点中,也不搞老师的一言堂,先让学生说,在此基础上教师再加以引申,力求学生的所得都是真正意义上的理解,而不是老师强加给学生的东西。
4.作文修改
学习效果的呈现主要在于修改。学生如果在评点中对于想象有所感悟,那么,在修改中将反映出来。应此,要给学生以足够的时间去修改自己的作文,学生才能真正做到有所收获。在修改中,教师要发现范文,及时反馈给学生。
我是一位青年教师,自己的学识和教学经验还很不足,对教材的把握,对课堂教学素质化的理解,对课堂教案的设计都很不到位,疏漏之处在所难免,恳请各位专家、导师提出宝贵意见。
1、让学生写熟悉的内容,以“趣”激趣。作文命题应开放,出宽题,紧紧围绕学生所熟悉的生活,以他们周围的人或事、景或物作为作文内容,以激发学生的习作兴趣。
2、以成功的喜悦,激发写作***。要使学生坚持不懈地自觉作文,最关键的是让学生尝到成功的喜悦,并逐步养成习惯,满怀乐趣地去学习。
3、开展形式多样的作文活动,激发写作兴趣。学生好奇心强,爱表现,形式多样的习作活动能调动学生的习作兴趣。
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