我自从被贬谪以后,居住在永州,常常忧惧不安。公务之余,漫步徐行,任意转悠,每天与自己的随从爬高山、钻深林,走遍迂回曲折的'山涧小溪,深幽的泉水,怪异山石。无论多远,我们没有不到的地方。一走到那些地方,我们便用手分开野草,席地而坐,倒酒痛饮,不醉不罢。喝醉后便相互枕靠着睡在地上,很快就进入梦乡。心里想到什么,做梦就梦到什么。醒来之后就回家。我原以为永州稍有特异地方的山水,都已被我游览遍了,但不曾知道还有西山这样奇异独特的地方。
今年九月二十八日,由于坐在法华寺西亭,遥望西山,指点西山并感到它奇特。我于是带着仆人越过湘江,沿染溪而行,砍去杂乱丛生的草木,烧掉茂盛的茅草,一直等到到西山的最高处才停止。攀援着树枝爬上山顶,两腿叉开,席地而坐,几个州的土地都聚集在我的座下。它高处之下的地势,(高的地方)象深山一样深邃,(低的地方)象深池一样低陷,有的像是蚁穴外隆起的小土堆,有的像是蚂蚁洞,尺寸之间包含了千里之遥的景观,聚集收拢,重叠到一起,没有逃脱隐藏的。青山白水萦绕回环,与遥远的天际相接,环看周围,浑然一体。看了这些,才知道这座山确实特立不群,与一般的小土丘大不一样。不知不觉中我的身心与天地间的浩然之气融化在大自然中,情怀与大自然相容而不知道哪里是尽头了。我于是拿起酒壶,斟满酒杯,畅怀痛饮,醉倒在地,不觉间日薄西山。苍茫暮色,自远而近,慢慢地天黑得什么也看不见了,而我却还是不想回去。精神凝聚安定,形体得到解脱,和万物的变化暗暗相合,我这才认识到过去等于没有游览,真正的游览从此(时)开始。所以我为了这些美好的景观写文章来记下这次游览。这一年是元和四年(809年)。
One Sunday my mother (Mother had (made me take my little young brother to the a trip to the country. She bade me take good care of him.
While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly and the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers smile (smiling at us and heard the birds sing (singing their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty (beautiful.
When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother (our mother wait (waiting for us at the door.
有一个星期日,我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。她吩咐我要好好照料他。
当我们沿着道路行走的.时候,太阳灿烂地照耀着,微风轻轻地吹着。我们看见美丽的花儿对我们微笑着,并听见鸟儿在树上唱着悦耳的歌曲,风景实十分美丽。
当我们感觉到疲倦的时候,我们就回家了。我们看见母样正在门口等候我们。
燕地寒,花朝节后,余寒犹厉。冻风时作,作则飞沙走砾。局促一室之内,欲出不得。每冒风驰行,未百步辄返。
廿二日,天稍和,偕数友出东直,至满井。高柳夹提,土膏微润,一望空阔,若脱笼之鹄。于是,冰皮始解,波色乍明,鳞浪层层,清澈见底,晶晶然如镜之新开而冷光乍出于匣也。山峦为晴雪所洗,娟然如试,鲜妍明媚,如倩女之靧面而髻鬟之始掠也。柳条将舒未舒,柔梢披风,麦田浅鬣寸许。游人虽未盛,泉而茗者,罍而歌者,红装而蹇者,亦时时有。风力虽尚劲,然徒步则汗出浃背。凡曝沙之鸟,呷浪之鳞,悠然自得,毛羽鳞鬣之间,皆有喜气。始知郊田之外未始无春,而城居者未之知也。
This cartoon is silly, and yet compelling: a large customer holds a hopelessly small piece of cloth as the tailor carefully measures. Such an image suggests that one needs to consider practical reality in the pursuance of goals. Merely acting on one's desires, while ignoring the facts at hand, cannot lead to success.
The fact that currently there are more graduates than jobs reminds us of the importance of rational thinking. Every year approximately 3 million students graduate from universities and begin looking for work. Many of them fail to find suitable employment because there are simply not enough opportunities to accommodate such great numbers of graduates. In addition, however, one might also cite flawed individual assessment as a reason.
In order to create a realistic target for one's future, one must make rational decisions and prepare accordingly. A student who aims to be a surgeon, for example, must take care to acquire opportunities to do clinical practice and gain sufficient knowledge. In other words, customers would do well to take accurate measurements before purchasing their fabric. A small piece of cloth cannot adequately clothe a large person.
北京地区气候寒冷,花朝节以后,冬天留下的寒气还很厉害。冷风经常刮起来,一刮起来时就飞沙走石。我躲在一间屋子里面,想出去却不能。每次顶着寒风快步走出去,总是不到百步就返回来。
二月二十二日,天气略微暖和,我同几个朋友出了东直门,到了满井。高大的柳树分立在堤的两旁,肥沃的土地稍微湿润,放眼望去,空阔的景象,感到自己像笼子里逃出的天鹅。在这时,薄冰开始溶化,水波开始发出亮光,像鱼鳞一样的波浪一层层的,水清澈看到河底,亮晶晶的,好像镜子刚刚打开冷光突然从镜匣子里闪射出来一样。山峦被溶化的雪水洗过后,美好的样子好像擦过一样,鲜明美好而又明媚,好像美丽的少女洗过脸刚刚梳好环形的发髻一样。柳条将要舒展没有舒展,柔嫩的'柳梢头在风中散开,麦田里低矮的麦苗才一寸左右。游人虽然不多,但是汲泉水来煮茶喝的,端着酒杯唱歌的,穿着红装骑驴的,也经常有。风力虽然还很猛,但是走路就汗流浃背。所有在沙滩上晒太阳的鸟,汲水的鱼儿,都悠闲自在,羽毛鳞鬣中间,都充满了欢乐气氛。我才知道城郊田野外面未尝没有春天,可是住在城里的人却不知道它啊。
西湖处士:指北宋诗人林逋(bū)。林逋,字君复,钱塘(今浙江杭州)人。终身不仕,亦终生未婚。隐居于杭州西湖孤山,二十年足迹不涉城市。因喜植梅养鹤,故有“梅妻鹤子”之称。古人称像林逋这样的有德才而隐居的不仕者为处士。
元:同“原”。
自余为僇人,居是州,恒惴(zhuì)栗(lì)。其隙也,则施施(yíyí)而行,漫漫而游,日与其徒上高山,入深林,穷回溪,幽泉怪石,无远不到。到则披草而坐,倾壶而醉;醉则更相枕以卧,卧而梦,意有所极,梦亦同趣;觉而起,起而归;以为凡是州之山水有异态者,皆我有也,而未始知西山之怪特。
今年九月二十八日,因坐法华西亭,望西山,始指异之。遂命仆人过湘江,缘染溪,斫(zhuó)榛莽,焚茅茷,穷山之高而止。攀援而登,箕踞而遨,则凡数州之土壤,皆在衽(rèn)席之下。其高下之势,岈然洼然,若垤(dié),若穴,尺寸千里,攒(cuán)蹙(cù)累积,莫得遁隐;萦青缭白,外与天际,四望如一。然后知是山之特立,不与培塿为类。悠悠乎与颢气俱,而莫得其涯;洋洋乎与造物者游,而不知其所穷。引觞满酌,颓然就醉,不知日之入。苍然暮色,自远而至,至无所见,而犹不欲归。心凝形释,与万化冥合。然后知吾向之未始游,游于是乎始。故为之文以志。是岁,元和四年也。
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