有书才可读,环境可育人。基于这种认识,我们首先因地制宜,千方百计地创造条件,在班上营造一个适合读书的环境。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
从学校图书室借来相关图书并定期更换。
有了这个图书角,大家也就有了一个资源共享、自由阅读、讨论交流的平台,课外阅读也就有了保障。
最早听说《爱弥尔》这本书是在师范的时候,我想对于师范专业来说《爱弥尔》会是一本很耳熟的书。想读这本书也是从师范里开始的,因为在我的印象中“爱弥尔”是一个人的名,而这本书以它作为全书的题目,我想它会是一本通过描述“爱弥尔”的成长历程而写成的一本书。个人十分喜欢这种途事型的教育书藉,所以一直就很想读这本书。
拿到这本书后,没有一口气读完,因为这本书分上、下册近900页的文加上个人读书比较慢的习惯所以一直在慢读的状态。近期由于比较闲,终于把这本书读完了,读完之后,发现这本书其实和之前想象的不一样。所谓的“爱弥尔”只是卢梭为了阐述自己的理念所假想的一个教育对像。并不是自己原先所想的是一本叙事性的教育专著,即使其中涉及到“爱弥尔”的许多事例,自然也是卢梭假想的,而并非教育事实。同时,读得慢还有一个原因是读这本书比较吃力,吃力的原因我总结出来可能有两点:一是自己的水平还不够,在读书的过程中自然难以消化卢梭的思想,二可能是由于是译文,所以在语句的表达上和我们有很大的不同。
当然,我这样的感觉都不能遮盖住《爱弥尔》是一本划时代的巨作。曾有同学评价说读完《爱弥尔》之后,最大的感觉是发现原来所有的教育思想早在17世纪的这本书里都有过阐述了。我不敢保证是不是所有的教育思想都能在这本书里找到,但是我敢肯定地说是它所包含的教育思想是极其丰富的。举个例子来说,在我国80年代兴起的,甚至我们现在还在讨论和探索的民主教育思想,在《爱弥尔》这本书里就有了阐述。我们可以试想的是,17世纪的卢梭能提出这样的教育思想,就可见这本书是一个超前的、影响时代的一本好书。书中提到最多是自然教育,其实也可说是有其独到之处。
读完《爱弥儿》这部伟大的著作,被书中作者独创的观点、精辟的论述、精美的描绘、细腻的文笔所折服。全书贯穿无数教育经典名言,处处蕴涵着真知灼见,闪烁着独到的教育思想的璀璨光芒,让人不时掩卷回味。最让人称奇的是,卢梭的儿童教育观,至今仍散发着绚丽的光芒,让人不得不惊叹卢梭惊人的超前意识和恒久内涵。
卢梭的《爱弥尔》虽然是论述资产阶级教育的专著,卢梭通过对他所假设的教育对象爱弥儿的教育,来反对封建教育制度,阐述他的资产阶级教育思想,对现在的小学教育还是有借鉴作用。
首先,作为小学语文教师的我要转变观念,用知识充实自己,要善于学习,博览群书,把自然教育当做一种态度,一种拓展视野的思维模式来看待,做一名乐学好思的智者,要把小学语文教育看作是亲近自然的教育,把学校创设成孩子快乐成长的乐园。让大自然与教育自然地融为一体,孩子如一株株嫩绿的树苗,生机盎然,茁壮成长;教师团队如浓浓春意,充满活力,充满希望。人与自然和谐相处,充分体现出人本教育及遵循自然规律的教育理念。坚信只要行动就有收获。
其次,在日常的教育教学中应尊重儿童,积极创设条件引导鼓励孩子到大自然中去体验美。充分利用小南坑小学优美的自然环境及丰厚的社区环境,以学生为本,创设人文文化的环境,为学生营造安全、温馨的氛围,锻炼孩子们独立生活的能力,培养他们克服困难和团结互助的精神,并使之建立良好的人际关系;真正起到人生起步的第一个站点成为孩子们向往的育人摇篮,这里,永远留下孩子们美好幸福的回忆,让“素质教育”这朵奇葩,在小南坑小学开得更鲜,开得更艳!
最后,通过家长学校、小南坑小学师生博客圈等多条途径动员家长朋友们充分认识小学教育应该遵循儿童成长的自然规律进行,需要深刻地理解儿童、尊重儿童,根据儿童的身心特点实施不同阶段的教育,促进孩子全面发展。正如卢梭所说:“要爱护儿童,帮他们做游戏,使他们快乐,培养他们可爱的本能。你们当中,谁不时刻依恋那始终是喜笑颜开、心情恬静的童年?你们为什么不让天真烂漫的儿童享受那稍纵即逝的时光,为什么要剥夺他们绝不会糟踏的极其珍贵的财富?他们一生的最初几年,也好像你们一生的最初几年一样,是一去不复返的,你们为什么要使那转眼即逝的岁月充满悲伤和痛苦呢?”让我们家校携起手来共同聆听大师的呼唤,了解孩子们的世界,让我们的孩子拥有自由舒展的童年。
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