导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
小路在脚下延伸,漂浮不定的脚步踏在石板,一颗落魄的心在此邂逅了那位英雄,轻微的风慢慢拂着。夕阳西下,残阳烧不过他的豪情,风又拂不灭我心的激情。
时光飞逝,扼着我的咽喉,让我喘不过气,人生不断在绕弯,路上却有起伏着可怕的绊脚石,与友交谈,分数不就是热点?双眼茫然的我,也只有看着别人扬扬得意,听着别人炫耀的口吻。可是,哪一句没有像针般扎在我的心,直到深处?背负这些却感到毫无动力。
周末。麻木的思维从题海中挣脱出来。走在石板路上,这里是我的童年。“哦!
前面不是有棵木棉?”心里想着,却被眼前的景象定格了视线。风撕裂叶与枝的脐带,叶被卷起,带着泪水,坠落地面,光颓颓的枝头失去生机,好似奄奄一息的老人,“这是木棉?”不敢相信我的眼睛,我仿佛听见它在哭泣,还是说他沉默着等待死亡?我不解。这时,阳光落下,七零八碎的落在地面,我分明知道木棉用他的身体,去无力的反抗。“不是这样的!”我不敢再面对,转身就起步……
有一个星期没有出门,我觉得我真是太可悲!每天不是做题就是辅导,压得我太难受,可是,这不是无可奈何?
迈出家门,出于本能,我决定去看木棉……火焰般的花朵,瞬间点燃了我的血液!没有茂盛的绿叶,有的是他坚挺的身姿,有力的枝木,承载着夺目的生命力,木棉花开了!不禁被眼前的景象震撼,好久回不过神,花开如此艳丽!风吹过,像火苗在跳动,周围持续升温,我已经感受到似火的傲气在我肩上手边环绕,花朵以一种坚韧与超然无限盛开。虽然没有一片叶子,但这恰恰正是生命的顶峰与续写!至命岂可背负太多!想到这里,我恍然大悟:生命不就是要以一种豪情与脱俗去战斗!为何要活的苦涩?被学业压着,压不断坚固的脊梁,压不断灵魂的支柱!我露出笑容,这样就太轻松了,太简单!就像落叶一般……
生命岂可被痛苦占据!人生天地间,若白驹过隙,人生也就那么点路,何必浪费在这些负担?因为一种洒脱与豪情,我读木棉开花的哲理,花开得如此豁达,人怎还会忧伤?
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
“不管怎么样的事情,都请安静的愉快吧!这是人生,我们要一样的接受人生,勇敢的、大胆的,而且永远微笑着。”
——卢森堡
这便是读懂生活的真谛。
——题记
勇敢的、大胆的,而且永远微笑着,无论你是否发觉,我们一直走在这条路上。这条路叫生活。许多年来,我们一直这样走过。我们从最初的稚笑着,哭闹着;到以深邃的目光,凝视清风拂过无尽的原野,感受着暗色苍穹上,那古老恒星的脉动。我们踏着它一路走来,它平凡的,以至于我们很少读懂它。它像一首晦涩难懂的诗,令人费解;又像一条绵延万里的河,波澜起伏。那么生活是什么,我们如何读懂它?让我们思考一下吧。
我们主观的认为,生活是美好的,也的确。你的记忆之海中那美丽的一瞬又一瞬——父母的千叮万嘱,成功的一刻刻,亦或是清风吹拂起你的思绪,海潮浸润着你的心灵,它们是美好的。对于他人来说,也许是那山里少年的一条路,或是病魔缠身者的希望,亦或者失落时的那温暖的安慰?呼吸间;生活是美好的。
然而——为什么在它之中,却又蕴含着那么多的坎坷、痛苦?问,那山里少年为什么承受着莽莽群山的桎梏?那些人啊,身躯为什么会病态腐朽,堕入生命的深渊?而,那成功背后,却是汗,与泪?沉默吧,生活不是这个味道,当然也不是这个片面的意思。
品一杯茶,让心重新平静。生活正如这茶,虽然苦,细细品味,却是芬芳的,平凡的却又深邃的。我们要以客观的角度读懂生活,它是苦乐交织的,而我们要以淡淡的乐观面对它……
来,顺着我的思想,向远方眺望。那山里少年,正因为群山的阻挡,所以他梦想着,在他眺望山那一边的家乡时,那便是他的答案;而那病痛中的人们,相信自己的前路是光明的,即使逝去,也是光明的;而我们,刻苦的学习着,你知道吗,那次次耀眼的'成功,是用我们的泪与汗,一点一滴铸就成的!时间的那一岸,看——
贝多芬,他双耳失聪,他没有被这天堑所动,成为了大音乐家。而海伦·凯勒,她看不见,也听不见这个世界,但她最终毕业于美国哈佛大学,荣获“总统自由勋章”。尽管吧,许许多多篇文章中曾经列举过她的事例,可你知道八十来年的虚无沉默是什么概念吗?菊花在湖畔开的烂漫,史铁生尽管双腿残疾,但他始终因为他的妈妈临终之前的话语,他乐观的生活着,最终成为了著名作家。对于我们而言,我们可能不会遇到如此困难,但,道理是一样的。
带着一颗平和的心,感受生活的美好,面对那黑暗,那挫折,不要放弃,相信希望的田野,就在前方,就在前方…。“心儿永远向往着未来;/现在却常是忧郁;/一切都是瞬息,一切都将过去;/而那过去了的,就会成为亲切地怀恋。”抱以一颗平常而阳光的心,我们走在这不归路上。
于是茶的芬芳消散了,我们继续走在这路上,融入这平凡之中。清风拂过无尽的原野,感受着暗色苍穹上,那古老恒星的脉动。在读懂生活的那一刹那,忽然发现,世界还是如此美好。我沉睡在光辉里,光辉梦寐在星空下。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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