在复活节假期中,忙着当空中飞人到处玩耍的我也在空余时间看了几篇英国散文。《论读书》,我之所以写它是因为让我惊奇地发现“为什么读书”这件事是任何时代每个国家的哲学家,思想家都在思考的问题。《论语》,《荀子》,《***选集》等等这些书,其中都有提到读书的重要性。今儿,让我们来看看西方的文人对这个问题的阐述,在其中你会有所共鸣,会有所思考,会对中西方文人思维特点有个对比。
关于《论读书》古罗马诗人奥维德在《女英雄书信集》中早说过“Abeunt studia in mores”意为一切学问都对性格有所影响。在我们的生活中,每件事每个经历甚至偶然间读过的某本书,这样的事情反复积累沉淀,造就了不同的我们。
《论读书》是弗兰西斯.培根的一篇散文作品,仅仅数百来字就把读书的妙用和读书的方法这两个问题说得非常透彻。培根在说到读书的\'用处时,既强调了其对立身行事,自我修养的帮助,又指出了书本知识的局限性,认为学问应当受到经验的规范。作者还对不同书籍提出了不同的读书方法:有些书浅尝即可,有些只须囫囵吞枣,少数须要细细咀嚼消化。这种对自我完善的渴求似乎反映出文艺复兴时代的“人文主义精神“——相信人的力量和人无限的潜力。
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Studies serve for delight, for ornament,and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring (独处和幽居之时; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in thejudgement and disposition of business; for expert men can execute, and perhapsjudge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots (plan and marshalling of affairs (处理事务come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time instudies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to makejudgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of scholar(学者的癖性; they perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for naturalabilities are like plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselvesdo give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in byexperience(若不以经验约束的知识则会不着边际.
Read not to contradict (否定 and confute (驳斥, nor to believe and takefor granted(想当然, nor to find talk and discourse, butto weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, andsome few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only inparts; others to be read but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, andwith diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy(由人代读, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in theless important arguments and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books arelike common distilled waters, flashy things (平淡无味的东西.
Histories make men wise, poets, witty; themathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric(修辞学, able to contend: Abeunt studia in mores……
关于培根弗兰西斯.培根(FrancisBacon, 1561-1626,英国哲学家,散文家,生于伦敦,受教于剑桥大学三一学院。此后仕途一帆风顺,历任副检察长,检察总长,掌玺大臣等职位,但在1620xx年被指控犯有贿赂罪而削官为民。余生在文学和哲学创作中度过。蒲柏说他是“人中之俊杰,亦是人中之败类”。
其作品主要分为三类:哲学作品《Advancement of Learning》,法律职业的作品,文学类作品《Essays》,《History ofHenry the Seventh,1622》。
这是一个动物学校。猫鸭子。马和动物学校的狗。有些动物正在看书的英文。有些动物画鸟。
some animal are play games......Ther are very happy . sheep teacher is talling a stors.
一些动物在玩游戏......疗法很快乐。羊老师换一个故事。
This animal school is very good. I like this animal school very!Do you like this animal school?
这种动物的学校是很好的\'。我非常喜欢这个动物学校!你喜欢这只动物的学校吗?
这本书的主人公叫维克多,他是一个早产儿,说话晚,吐字也不清楚。六岁时,爸爸带着维克多来到保健所的儿童咨询中心,想测一测维克多的智力,结果出来了,维克多被诊断为认识能力低下,可能还有语言障碍。这个结果,让爸爸有一点失望。
上学的\'时候,维克多的生活也还是不好过。他老是被同学叫做“傻瓜”、“讨厌鬼”。在新春科技节上,它指出了汽车发动机的毛病,可是没有一个人相信他,最后结果出来发现就是发动机的问题,组员们又怪他之前没有一直在说;一道难住全班同学的数学题,只有他和“数学小王子”艾登做出来了,由于答案一样,被老师误解为撒谎;智商成绩外泄,智商只有73的他,被学校劝退掇学,中学都没毕业。
23岁时,因为在广告牌上的一道数学题感兴趣,维克多把题目解开,并拜托萝拉帮他输入电脑。没想到,解出题目的人,居然可以获得艾弗利公司的特别录用资格!这样,维克多成为了艾弗利公司的员工。
有一天,罗拉在无意间遇见了人称“记忆王”、智商高达168的杰克。杰克告诉萝拉,自己已经不是旧金山智商最高的人了。当杰克告诉她是谁的时候,萝拉一下子就坐到了椅子上——那个人,竟然是维克多。罗杰斯!他们和蕾切尔老师一起回到格林小学去查看智商结果,没想到,维克多的智商结果竟然是173。当年是因为一位老师的错觉才看成了73。维克多竟然是一个天才。知道了自己正确的智商,维克多打起精神,努力工作,终于成为了艾弗利公司的经理和全球只有百分之二的人才能参加的国际门萨协会的新任主席!
在维克多成功道路上少不了父母对他的鼓励,也少不了他的两位恩师——斯图尔特教授、作家蕾切尔老师,还有同学萝拉。斯图尔特教授很早就发现了维克多的才能,并给他讲故事,鼓励他绝不要放弃;蕾切尔老师在学校中和斯图尔特教授一样,一直帮助着维克多。萝拉则是唯一一位不欺负维克多的同学,虽然她小时候也是没好气地对维克多说话,但是她会包容维克多,长大后也给了维克多很多帮助。
每个小孩都是一位天才,只要努力、绝不放弃、相信自我就能成功。就像蕾切尔老师说的一样:“Be yourself(相信自己)!”
I valued my time in the No.1 middle school very much,because I know there is no endless banquet in the world.Before appling for xiao yu zhong,wondering whether it is the sixth sense, there was a prediction that I would leave my mother school,so I valued the left time which I have spent with my teachers and classmates.Perhaps some students and teachers didn’t understand why I was still so hardworking since I have been recruited by ShanDong university,Ididn’t have a very mature reply at that time.Now I can make a summary:After all,I have been in the science class for two and a half years.Not only was I interested in the subjects but also I have formed good privity with my teachers;Futher,many people take part in the National Entrance Examination in order to go to college,including me,but before the second term of senior three,I have known I have been admitted,to tell you the truth,I can’t accept it right now,so there was a time when I adjusted to it.
During my presence in the school,I was xiao san hao student in a row,and I obtained Li Zhen De bonus for two years.I got the second prize in the maths competition held by Shan Dong Province,After I was admitted ahead of time, I got a prize in the English speaking competition in jinan held by CCTV.
Besides my efforts,above all,I owe my scores to my teachers.It is teachers who passed knowdege to me,without them,I can’t have such scores,here,Ishall say sincerely,toilful are teachers!
In the study life in the future,I will develop my advantages and get over my shortcomings,making me more excellent,I can say full of confidence,I am pround of yizhong and yizhong is pround of me!
June sixth,2006
Confucius loved and respected the art of cooking. He established culinary standards and proper table etiquette. Most of these are still considered to be the standards even today. The tradition of cutting foods into bite size pieces during preparation is unique to the Chinese culture. The use of knives at a Chinese dinner is considerd poor taste. Confucius taught that good cooking depends on the blending of various ingredients and condiments rather than the taste of the individual elements. He believed that in order to become a good cook one must first be a good matchmaker. The flavors of the ingredients must be blended with harmony. Without harmony there is no taste. He also stressed the use of color and texture in preparing the dish. Most certainly Confucianism helped elevate cooking from a menial task to the status of an art, "the art of Chinese cooking." Taoism was responsible for the development of the hygienic aspects of food and cooking. The principle objectives of this philosophy were people's wish for longevity. In contrast to supporters of Confucianism who were interested in the taste, texture and appearance, Taoists were concerned with the life-giving attributes of various foods. Over the centuries the Chinese have explored the world of plants, roots, herbs, fungus and seeds to find life-giving elements. They discovered that the nutritional value of vegetables could be destroyed by improper cooking and that many items had medicinal value. For example, ginger, a favorite condiment, is also used to soothe an upset stomach and as a cold remedy.
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