Therearesomecherriesinthebasket.(一般疑问句,否定回答划线部分提问Kittylikesthebluedress.(用thepinkdress改为选择疑问句Don`tplaywithfires.(换一种说法
Joelikesreading.Dannylikesreadingtoo.(把两句连成一句Pleaseeatsomecakesandbiscuits.(改为否定句划线部分提问Thereissomewaterintheglass.(划线部分提问划线部分提问Whatdayistoday?
What`sthedatetoday?
Whatdoyouusuallydoafterdinner?
Whichpearsdoyouwant,thegreenonesortheyellownoes?Whichwesternholidaydoyoulikebest?Whenisit?
WhatdoyoudoattheLanternFestival?
5B2
Thosebooksareours.(同义句划线部分提问划线部分提问
ThosecrayonsareDanny`s.(.(用Alice改为选择疑问句Arethesetheirschoolbags?(单数句划线部分提问
Theyridetheirbicyclestothepark.(用May改写
Thecocooniswhite.(用browng改为选择问句划线部分提问Heisfouryearsold.(改为一般过去时
Iwasathomeyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句
Thecaterpillarslikeeatingleaves.(改为单数句划线部分提问划线部分提问
WhatdoyoueatattheMid-autumnFestival?(根据实际情况回答
第三次课: 分词在句子中的用法
教学目标: 使学生初步了解及在句子使用分词
教学内容:
一、 动名词及不定式作业讲解
二、分词
现在分词和过去分词两种。
作为谓语,现在分词和be 一起构成进行时;过去分词和be一起构成被动语态,和have一起构成完成时。
例如:
I am reading a novel by Maupassant. 我正在看一本莫泊桑写的小说。(现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。)
Mr. Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already. 鲁宾逊先生已经喝了五杯酒了。(过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。)
The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now. 金鱼缸刚才被小陶打破了。(过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。)
作为非谓语形式,分词可用作形容词和副词,在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。 现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态;它的完成式(having + 过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词。
过去分词只有一般式,表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词(及物动词)本身可以表示被动的含义,因而没有别的被动形式。
例如:
Having failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. (=As he had failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. 他失败了三次,不想再干了。(having failed 表示发生在前的动作)
Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. (=While he was walking along the sands, Crusoe? 克鲁索沿着沙滩走的时候,看见沙上有人的脚印。(walking 表示同时发生的动作)
The question being discussed seems important. (=The question is being discussed. It seems important. 正在讨论的问题似乎很重要。
The old days are gone. 旧时代一去不复返了。(gone 表示完成的状态)
I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。(cut 是及物动词的过去分词,表示“被人理发”。) 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。
例如:
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火,用手去摸,把手指烫了。
Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁,就去找警察帮忙。
(一)现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物的行为;及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。换言之,现在分词是它修饰
的成分所作出的动作,过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。
例如:
convincing facts 有说服力的事实 / convinced audience 被说服了的听众
the exploiting class 剥削阶级 / the exploited class被剥削阶级
a frightening dog一条让人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一条被吓坏了的狗
driving gears主动齿轮 / driven gears从动齿轮
(2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
例如:
the rising sun (正在升起的太阳 / the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the falling rain(正在下的雨)/ the fallen leaves(落下的树叶)
stolen money(被盗的钱/偷来的钱)/ill-gotten wealth(不义之财)
a high-flying kite(高飞的风筝)
再看一些例子:
boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water 开水/developing countries 发展中国家/developed countries 发达国家/an exciting story 令人激动的故事/ excited people 激动的人们
(2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
再看一些例子:
surprising news令人惊讶的消息/a surprised man受惊吓的人/an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖/the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵/a delighted speech令人高兴的演说/the delighted audience(感到高兴的听众/a moving film动人的电影/the moved children受到感到的孩子们/a box containing tea装茶叶的盒子/the tea contained in a box装在盒里的茶叶/ falling snow正在下的雪/fallen snow box落在地上的雪
(3)做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感到如何”。
例如:
His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失望。
We are surprised to hear the news。The news is surprising。我们听到那消息吃了一惊。那消息令人吃惊。
The situation is encouraging。 We’re encouraged。形式使人鼓舞。我们感到鼓舞。
常用的还有:amusing/amused,astonishing/astonished,disappointing/disappointed,exciting/excited,frightening/frightened,interesting interested,moving/moved, relaxing/relaxed,satisfying/satisfied,shocking/shocked,surprising/surprised,terrifying/terrified,tiring/tired,worrying/worried等等。
(4)做状语的区别,分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。
例如:
Seeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note。看到没人在家,她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义,几乎同时
The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a speech for the president。秘书工作到晚上很晚,给总统准备一篇演说。(主动意义,同时
Tired of the noise,he closed the window。对噪音感到厌烦,所以他把窗户关上。(被动意义,
在谓语之前
Deeply moved,she thanked me again and again。她深深地受了感动,再三谢我。(被动意义,在谓语之前
Persuade by my mother,she gladly went there alone。在我母亲劝说下,她才高兴地独自去那里。(被动意义,在谓语之前
如果现在分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生,现在分词要用完成形式,但意思仍然是主动的。 例如:
Having watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the Apples。=After they had watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the apples。他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。 Having finished the work,he packed his tools and left。完工后,他收拾起工具走了。 分词做状语时,前面可用连词或介词。
例如:
After eating my dinner quickly,I went to see Jim off。我赶快吃过晚饭就去给吉姆送行。 Though built before the Second World War,the engine is still in good condition。尽管是在二战以前建的,这引擎仍然处于良好状态。
Unless paying by credit card,please pay in cash。如果不用信用卡付款,请用现金付。 Tom will never do this unless compelled。汤姆永远也不会干这种事,除非被逼无奈。 She’s been quite different since coming back from America。从美国回来后,她大变了。
(二)用法
1.作定语。作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing等,则分词放在这些词之后。分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:
This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。这是一本有趣的书。
There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。消息中有些有趣的事。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。靠窗户坐着的那个人是我们的数学老师
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。那位老工人开的机器是上海造的。
Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing?唱歌的学生多数是女生。
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned?被问的许多村里人都拒绝。
注意:(1)分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别:
分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主、谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系,而表示它所修饰的词的用途或有关动作。
现在分词 动名词
A sleeping child(a child who is sleeping正在睡觉的孩子 A sleeping car(a car for sleeping卧车
A flying bird(a bird that is flying飞鸟 A flying course(a course for flying飞行课程
A swimming girl(a girl who is swimming游泳的女孩 A swimming pool(a pool for swimming游泳池
The running water(the water that is running流水 The running track(the track for running跑道 现在分词和它所修饰的名词都要重读,动名词所修饰的名词则不必重读。
(2)现在分词作定语时,它表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生(或差不多同时发生。
例如:
Who is the boy dancing over there?在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?
The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘们有危险。
如果两个动作在时间上有先后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而往往用主从复合句结构。 例如:
The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那个人会回来的。
The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老师要找打破了窗子的那个学生谈话。
(3)be的现在分词being不能用作定语(可用作状语或被动语态中的助动词。表示这种概念时,也用主从复合句结构。
例如:
He has a brother who is a worker。他有一个当工人的兄弟。
2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
例如:
Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,They stood up。学生们看见老师走进房间,都站了起来。 (时间
Heated,the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。金属受热而膨胀。(条件、时间
Being excited,I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ,I couldn’t go to sleep。我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因
Being a student,he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student,he was interested in sports。 他是个学生,所以对体育运动感兴趣。(原因
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。李华和他的同学们受到杨博士讲话的鼓舞,决定更加努力学习物理。 (原因 The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式
The professor stood there,surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。教授站在那里,许多学生围着他。(行为方式
While reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。看报时,父亲不时地点头。(时间(分词前,可加表示时间的连词while或when。
3、作宾语补足语。
例如:
Can you get the machine going again?你能使机器再动起来吗?
You should have your hair cut。你该理发了。
I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看见他来了。
4、作表语。
例如:
The film is very moving。这部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done。你的作业做得好。
The visitors looked surprised.参观者看上去很惊讶。
The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看见孩子们在草地上散步。
5、作句子独立成分(分词有自己的逻辑主语时,称为独立主格结构。)
例如:
Flags flying,the army men marched in the streets。旗帜飘扬,军队在街上行进。
All his ribs broken,he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折断,半死不活地躺着。
分词(短语作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致,必须用独立主格结构来表示,也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间,解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作,它们之间是主动关系
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better。如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。(过去分词given表示的动作是句子主语the trees承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系
We explored the caves,Peter acting as guide。我们到那山洞探险,彼得做向导。 (独立主格 The train having gone,we had to wait another day。分词短语做状语时,前面可以加上连词或介词,但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but,and,因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分,而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。
例如:
误:Having been told many times,but he still couldn’t understand it。
正:He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。
注意:(1)分词作状语时,逻辑主语即句子的主语;否则要用从句或独立主格结构来表示。 例如:
Looking out of the window,I saw lots of people there。(=When I looked out of the window,I saw lots of people there。
我往窗外一看,看见那儿有许多人。 (looking out of the window的逻辑主语,就是句子的主语I。
(2)在see,hear,watch,notice等动词后,用动词不定式作宾语补语,通常表示(强调动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语,则通常表示动作正在进行。 例如:
We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment。我们坐了两个小时,看老师做实验。(两小时一直在看老师做实验
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment。我们走过教室,看见老师在做实验。(只是在走过教宰的一刹那间,看见老师正存做实验
I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document, photograph it and put it back。我看见他走进房间,打开抽屉,拿出一份文件,拍了照又放回去(表示一个接一个的一系列动作的全过程时,用动词不定式。
雨后天空中出现了一道彩虹真像一座七彩桥。
2、皎洁的明月高挂在淡蓝色的天空中。皎洁的月亮像一个大玉盘高挂在蓝宝石般的天空中。
3、云彩轻轻地飘浮在空中。
云彩像一团团的棉花一样轻轻地漂浮在天空中。
4、岸边的华灯倒映在湖中。
岸边的华灯如无数的星星倒映在镜子一般的湖中。
5、拉萨的天空总是那么湛蓝、透亮。拉萨的天空如巨大的蓝宝石一般湛蓝,透亮。
6、远处的.霓虹灯亮了。
远处的霓虹灯像无数的星星一闪一闪的。
7、春天到了,大地绿了。
春天到了,大地如同盖上了一床绿色的毛毯。
8、火红的枫叶纷纷地飘落下来。
火红的枫叶像一只只蝴蝶纷纷地飘落下来。
9、运动员向终点跑去。
运动员像离弦的箭向终点跑去。
10、快迟到了,小明非常着急。
快迟到了,小明急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。11,秋天的天空好漂亮。
秋天的天空像一幅画,真漂亮。12,他的个子很高。
他的个子像竹竿一样高。
13.小蜜蜂很勤快。
小蜜蜂像辛勤的园丁一样勤快。
14.草偷偷地从土地里钻出来,嫩嫩的,绿绿的。
草偷偷地从土地里钻出来,像刚出生的娃娃一样,嫩嫩的,绿绿的。
15.他的脸真白净。
他的脸像一张白纸一样,真白净。
16.孩子让我帮助他。
孩子像个跟屁虫一样缠着让我帮助他。
二:把句子改成“被”字句。
疲劳和干渴,把它们折磨得有气无力。
它们被疲劳和干渴折磨得有气无力。
我不小心把陈明的飞机模型摔坏了。
陈明的飞机模型被我不小心弄坏了。
我把教室打扫得一尘不染。
教室被我打扫得一尘不染。
她赶紧将面糊从窗口倒了出去。
面糊被她赶紧从窗口倒了出去。
汤姆拿着父亲用大麦秆为他做的鞭子,骑在牛背上玩。
父亲用大麦秆为他做的鞭子被汤姆拿着,骑在牛背上玩。
三.把句子改成“把”字句。
我的错误马上被朋友们纠正了
朋友马上把我的错误纠正了。。
曹操被周瑜的军队打得丢盔弃甲,狼狈逃窜。
周瑜的军队把曹操打得丢盔弃甲,狼狈逃窜。
上高是我的第二故乡。
我把上高当成我的第二故乡。
她强忍疼痛,进入网上聊天室,在互联网上打出了救助的信息。
四.把反问句改成陈述句。
我们哪里有近道,还不和你们是一条道?
我们没有近道,是和你们一条道。
毒刑拷打算得了什么?死亡也无法叫我开口。
毒刑拷打算不了什么,死亡也无法叫我开口。都是你自己找的,我怎么帮得了你的忙?都是你自己找的我帮不了你的忙。
水浇多了,花能不死吗?
水浇多了花会死。
这么远,箭哪能射得到呢?
这么远,箭射不到。
五.把陈述句改成反问句。
猫的性格实在有些古怪。
猫的性格难道不是有些古怪吗?
在这个长满了红锈的鱼钩上,闪烁着灿烂的金色的光芒。
在这个长满了红锈的鱼钩上,难道不是闪烁着灿烂的金色的光芒吗?
1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
你们好!不要怀疑我是否假惺惺,我们可是对手啊!谈何感谢?是的,我们是对手,但是我真的要谢谢你们。
谢谢你,让我懂得了一分耕耘,一分收获
我的成绩曾经一度一蹶不振,所以每次过后,我的冤家就幸灾乐祸地挖苦我:“呵呵,我又考得比你好,以后是不是还要上课发呆回家不好好复习呢?”望着他得意地有几分的眼神和那盛气凌人的姿态,我又气又恼但却无言以对,自己的确做得不好。上课没听清楚,自以为自己总会明白的。对于学习只想着该怎么去努力却从来不付诸行动。所以,心里虽然很窝火,但转念一想,她说的话其实没有错呀!是大实话。于是,我决定“报复”她,开始认真听课,独立完成作业,做好原先从来不做的与复习……父母还为我突然的一百八十度大转变而欣喜不已呢!
很快我的成绩开始进步,终于在考试后超过了她。我十分高兴,既有复仇的快感,更有努力耕耘后,用汗水换来收获的成就感。同时我也对她心存感激。对手,你用犀利的语言刺痛了我,使我醒来。不但如此,你还让我领悟到—— 一份耕耘一分收获,等着天上掉馅饼是不可能的,这世上没有免费的晚餐,只有付出汗水才能换来劳动成果。你不仅让我成绩进步,还让我懂了那么多,我当然该感谢你呀!
谢谢你,让我又有了克服困难的勇气
记得刚开始学跆拳道的那些时间,我一直被一件是困扰着——老师时不时会安排实战,不管新老学员无一幸免。这对于我来说是个莫大的挑战——我的性格唯唯诺诺,优柔寡断,往往还没来得及进攻就已经被对手打中得分了。我对此十分苦恼却又无计可施。所以每次实战后我的身上便五彩缤纷,而对手却毫发未损,仿佛我就是个会动的活靶子。经历这些,我对实战十分畏惧,然而越害怕就越打不好。如此恶性循环,我的热情逐渐降温,自信心也渐渐被消磨掉了。
有一天,老师又安排了实战。我闷闷不乐的穿上护具,无意中瞄见对方用一种轻蔑的眼神看着我。我心里有些不舒服,但是想想自己被轻视也是应该的,一个唯唯诺诺的人肯定要受人鄙视的。我暗下决心,这场实战我无论如何都要拿出自己的勇气。
实战开始了,他面对着我,微笑着。那看似有好的笑容里,流露着深深的嘲讽。我心里“蹭”的窜出了火苗。
“预备……”老师喊了口令,我们纷纷摆好格斗姿势,“开始!”语音刚落,我以迅雷不及掩耳之势一个侧踢踹向他的腹部。也不知道自己用了多大力气,只听“砰”地一声,他竟跌坐在了地上。他的眼神中,有不解,有惊异,更有恐惧。“得分!”老师显得又惊又喜。等他站起来准备好后,我又迅速起腿踢中他的`腹部,他一连向后踉踉跄跄地退了好几步,好像被我的突然发飙吓到了。接下来,大家就看见一个戴红头盔的人追着一个带蓝头盔的人又踢又打。老师在一旁为我加油,对我突然的改变感到惊异和高兴。
实战接近尾声了,我们都已汗流浃背,气喘吁吁。吴文老师吹响了开个一般的哨子“比赛结束!”我们于是相互鞠躬敬礼。老师高举我的手:“红方胜!”语气里满是喜悦与赞扬。
我欣喜地几乎要哭出来!我终于战胜了自己!原来战胜自我一点也不难,关键在于你有没有勇气去战胜!我日有所悟。
这场实战,我不仅战胜了对手,更是战胜了自己。但是,又是谁促使我战胜自己的呢?还是对手。
怎么样?看完我的叙述你们明白我为什么要感谢你们了吗?在成长的漫漫长路,你们给予我的动力远比父母和朋友的多,而且效果显著。你们无情地指出我的缺点和弱势,让我看清自己,能给自己一个准确的定位,并且不断改进自己。所以,你们“功不可没”,我说的对吧?
对手,谢谢你,让我有向上不断攀的动力和进取心,让我更努力地奋斗,使我变得更强。
谢谢你,对手。
你们曾经的对手 筱祺
20xx年4月15日
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