1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
What our life will be like in the future?When I was a little boy,I always asked myself this question.At that time,I had no idea what Internet was.But now,we use it every day.We can't live without it.Internet is become so popular and so convenient.
Just forget it.What our life will be like in the future?For example,in ten years.I think that in ten years our life will be much more colorful,our computer will be much powerful,and we can do almost everything on the internet including seeing a doctor.What about your future life ?Will you share with me?
今天,我们一家坐了几个小时的大巴来到了杭州千岛湖。
一到那里,导游就把我们带到森林氧吧。处处山清水秀,那里的树木也许已有几千岁了,泉水从山上哗啦啦地流下来,好似里面藏着许多晶莹剔透的珍珠;那里的树多得数不胜数,高大而粗壮。树叶翠绿得好像翡翠。树干深得像褐色的牛皮,发亮而美丽。鸟语花香,那里的鸟可爱又喜欢人,它们给大自然增添了许多生趣;路旁总是开着许多小野花,红的,紫的,五颜六色的,大的,小的……里面的风景美得就像你在天堂里也看不到。还有许多岩石,瀑布在那里。岩石有大有小,有宽有窄,还有止面被水长期冲刷而形成鬼斧神工的岩石。瀑布美极了,高耸入云,雄伟壮观。
下面一站:几个小岛。我到了其中一个蛇岛,听到这个名字,就有一种神秘的感觉。一到那,我就看见几十个人在买宠物蛇,我看了一下,觉得不像想象中的可怕。那儿的风景神秘幽幽的.,好像一不留神就会有条蛇咬住你。我又到了一个表演的地方,那里的池子内养着十几条大腹便便的巨蛇,让人不禁毛骨耸然。
我到了千岛湖中最大的岛,坐上了缆车。看到了一生以来最大的松树:高大而挺拔的身躯,坚韧而无私的品格,我不禁对松树产生了敬仰之情。
我喜爱千岛湖,它使我知道了什么是“最美的风景。”
Sometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be?
Perhaps some people will go to the moon for a holiday or even live on the moon,and some scientists will build cities under the sea to make people live there. We can have a medical examination or do some shopping without leaving our homes,which makes the life more convenient. Maybe we will also do some shopping and work at home.
And I'm sure there'll be more educational programmes on the radio or TV or by the Intemet or videophones,so perhaps some children won't need to go to school every day. They'll study at home.
In the future,all electric equipment at home is under the con-trol of computers. People can learn about the situation of the house by working on the computer at the office. No people like doing housework. Maybe each family will have a robot. Every day we can tell the robot what to do-shopping,housework and so on. believe the dream will come true some day.
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
杭州,这个古色古香并有着神韵美的地方是我梦寻已久的,去年我有幸至此。初入杭州,一场小雨应时而下,雨点细细密密,落在脸上丝丝凉凉。薄雾升起,细雨蒙蒙,整个杭州都被笼罩在了这烟雨之中,宛如一位亭亭玉立的少女,用她那白皙如玉的手,拉起了轻薄的面纱,留给我这个游者的只是一片朦胧。
雨落、云过、雾散,美丽的杭州向我们展现了她至美的一面,在她的身旁,有着一条不起眼的古巷。初来乍到的我对这古巷饶有兴趣,便撑着绣花伞决定一览这座古巷。古巷两旁墙壁上的青砖黛瓦,虽已历经岁月的折磨和雨水的冲刷,但丝毫不失它的本色。古巷里的人不多,给人以一种凄清、寂寥之感,有些灰蒙蒙的。
这座古巷一看就是被遗弃许久的,门牌上的'某某作家故居的字样也已锈迹斑驳,看不太清楚,但这座古巷原有的文化韵味尚未不复存在。朝着古巷深处走去,一个不知名的茶楼和一个小书塾映入眼帘,走进茶楼,早已是空空如也,但桌椅摆放的依旧十分整齐,仿佛还有那么些熟识的茶客坐在这里品茶、聊天,伴随着袅袅的茶香沁入心间。转身又向着书塾望去,好似依旧有一位戴着圆眼镜的先生站在讲台上,摇着头,念着诗……
依然未停止向前走的脚步,本想再游览一些的,但已到了古巷的尽头。古巷为这里的人们奉献了一生,现虽已被世人遗忘,但它依旧是有价值的。望着前方古巷的尽头,心中怅然若失……
雨愈下愈大,但这座杭州古巷留给我的则是最美的记忆……
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