作文中句子优美怎么画下划线【一】
承上的几种类型中词或短语与上文的关系转为对下文的关系，则是启下。
作文中句子优美怎么画下划线【二】
无论是承上、还是启下，抑或是承上启下，带来的好处都是使文章的结构严谨。
例如： 为什么我国的石拱桥会有这样光辉的成就呢？首先，在于我国劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。他们制作石料的工艺极 其精巧，能把石料切成整块大石碑，又能把石块雕刻成各中形象。在建筑技术上有很多创造，在起重吊装方面更有意想不到的办法。如福建漳州的江东桥，修建于八 百年前，有的石梁一块就有二百来吨重，究竟是怎样安装上去的，至今还不完全知道。其次，我国石拱桥的设计有优良传统，建成的桥，用料省，结构巧，强度高。 再其次，我国富有建筑用的各种石料，便于就地取材，这也为修造石桥提供了有利条件。
文中这个划线句子就是针对过渡句的结构作用出的试题。“这样辉煌的成就”概括了上文赵州桥的历史、结构、造型特点，具有承上作用，“为什么”这个疑问代词，概括了这一段的主要内容，所以具有启下的作用。
综上所述，在这个段落中，划线句子的作用就是：承上启下，上承接我国石拱桥取得的辉煌成就，下引出取得成就的原因，使文章架构严谨。
作文中句子优美怎么画下划线【三】
1.指出这个句子的结构作用是承上，还是启下，或者是承上启下
2.对文章的整体结构有何好处；
3.指出：承上的——承接上文的什么内容；启下的——引出下文什么内容；承上启下的——上文承接什么内容，引出下文什么内容。
4.难点突破
作文中句子优美怎么画下划线【四】
Ⅰ单项选择
1.thehouseonfire,hedialed119.
A.ToseeB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Beingseen
2.Ifelldownandbrokethreeofmyteeth.IwonderhowmanytimesIhavetocomehereandgetmyfalseteeth.
A.fixB.fixingC.fixedD.tofix
3.We'retolistentoher_voice.It'stohearhersing.
A.pleased;pleasing;pleasureB.pleased;pleasant;apleasure
C.pleasing;pleased;apleasureD.pleasing;pleasant;pleasure
4.somestamps.
A.Passed,buyingB.Passing,tobuyC.Havingpassed,buyD.Pass,tobuy
5.withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.
A.ComparingB.TocompareC.ComparedD.Havingcompared
6.Herearesomenewcomputerprogramsforhomebuildings.
A.designingB.designC.designedD.todesign
7.alittlemoney,Jimmywasabletobuyhismotheralovelynewlamp.
A.TosaveB.SavingC.SavedD.Havingsaved
8.Theteachercameintotheclassroombyhisstudents.
A.followingB.tobefollowingC.followedD.havingfollowed.
9.Withthemoney,hecouldn'tbuyanyticket.
A.toloseB.losingC.lostD.haslost
10.Therewassomuchnoiseintheroomthatthespeakercouldn'tmakehimself.
A.beingheardB.hearingC.heardD.hear
11.Theresultofthetestwasrather.
A.disappointedB.disappointingC.beingdisappointedD.disappoint
12.I'veneverheardthewordinspokenEnglish.
A.useB.usedC.usingD.touse
13.howtodothehomework,Iwenttoaskmyteacherforhelp.
A.NottoknowB.NotknowingC.KnowingnotD.Notknown
14.Deeply,Ithankedheragainandagain.
A.beingmovingB.movedC.movingD.tobemoved
１
15.Withwinteron,it'stimetobuywarmclothes.
A.cameB.comesC.comeD.coming
16.theoffice,theforeignvisitorswereshownroundtheteachingbuilding.
A.HavingshownB.ShowingC.HasshownD.Havingbeenshown
17.Hewentfromdoortodoor,wastepapersandmagazines.
A.gatheringB.gatheredC.gatherD.beinggathered
18.Thestudentcorrectedhispapercarefully,theprofessor'ssuggestions.
A.followB.followingC.followedD.beingfollowed
19.Thepricewillsaveyouonedollarforeachdozen.
A.reduceB.reducingC.reducedD.reduces
20.Peopleinthecitydonotknowthepleasureofcountrylife.
A.liveB.toliveC.livedD.living
21.Theforeignertriedhisbest,buthestillcouldn'tmakehispoint
A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood
22.Thescientistswerewaitingtoseetheproblem
A.settleB.settledC.tosettleD.settling
23.Thelibrary'sstudyroomisfullofstudentsfortheexam.
A.busilypreparedB.busypreparingC.busilyprepareD.arebusilypreparing
24.Thegroundiswithleaves.
A.covering,fallingB.covered,fallingC.covered,fallenD.covering,fallen
25.Lessonseasilyweresoonforgotten.
A.tolearnB.learnC.learnedD.learning
26.Thewalletseveraldaysagowasfoundinthedustbinoutsidethebuilding.
A.stolen,hiddenB.stealing,hidingC.stealing,hiddenD.stolen,hiding
27.Apersonaforeignlanguagemustbeabletousetheforeignlanguageown.
A.tolearn,toforgetB.learning,toforgetC.tolearn,forgettingD.learning,forgetting
28.differentkindsofpianos,theworkersfartherimprovedtheirquality.
A.ToproduceB.BeingproducedC.ProducedD.Havingproduced
29.Thestudentsintheuniversityarealltakingcoursesadegree.
A.comingtoB.goingtoC.leadingtoD.turningto
30.Manythingsimpossibleinthepastareverycommontoday.
A.considerB.consideringC.consideredD.beconsidered
２
31.manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstand.
A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.HehavingbeentoldD.telling
32.Theoldsickladyenteredthehospital,hertwosons.
A.tosupportB.supportingC.supportedbyD.havingsupported
33.Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,9.6millionsquarekilometres.
A.tocoverB.coveredC.coversD.covering
34."Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsatthemanincharge
oftheinformationoffice.
A.discussed,staredseriouslyB.beingdiscussed,seriouslystaring
C.tobediscussed,seriouslystaredD.discussed,stared
35.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,
A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added
36."Canyouread?"Marysaidtothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing
37.thecomposition,Johnhandedittotheteacherandwentoutoftheroom.
A.WritingB.HavingwrittenC.WrittenD.Beingwritten
38.Wereyouwhenyousawthatwildanimal?
A.frightB.frighteningC.frightenedD.frighten
39.Properlywithnumbers,thebookscanbeeasilyfound.
A.markedB.markC.tomarkD.marking
40.Thechildsatinthedentist'schair.
A.trembleB.tremblingC.trembledD.totrembled
41.Atthismomentthebellrang
A.announceB.announcingC.announcedD.toannounce
42.Hewalkeddownthehills,softlytohimself.
A.singB.singingC.sungD.tosing
43.Ihadtoshouttomakemyselfabovethenoise.
A.heardB.hearingC.heardD.tohear
44.Thegraduatingstudentsarebusymaterialfortheirreports.
A.collectB.tocollectC.collectedD.collecting
45.ThecarsinBeijingareasgoodasthoseinShanghai.
A.produce,produceB.produced,produced
C.produced,producingD.producing,producing
46.WhenIcamein,IsawDr.Liapatient.
A.examineB.examiningC.toexamineD.examined
３
47.asatisfactoryoperation,thepatientrecoveredfromillnessveryquickly.
A.HavingbeengivenB.HavinggivenC.GivingD.Beinggiven
48.asatisfactoryoperation,thedoctorbelievedthepatientwouldrecoverfromhisillness
verysoon.
A.HavingbeengivenB.HavinggivenC.GivingD.Beinggiven
49.HewrotealettertomethathistriptoJapanhadbeenputoffbecauseofthebadweather.
A.informB.informingC.informedD.beinginformed
50.Hereadsnewspaperseverydaytokeephimself__aboutwhat'sgoingonintheworld.
A.informB.informingC.informedD.beinginformed
Ⅱ.用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
1.Shecaughtthestudent(cheatinexams.
2.WhenIgotthere,Ifoundhim(repairfarmtools.
3.WhenIgotthere,Ifoundthefarmtools.(repair
4.Justthenheheardsomeone
5.Heworkedsohardthathegothispay
6.Themissingboyswerelastseen(playneartheriver.
7.His__________(frightenexpressionmadehiswife__________(surprise.
8.Theworkershadthemachines(runallnightlongtofinishtheworkontime.
9.Peopleinthesouthhavetheirhouses(makeofbamboo.
10.(loseinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
Ⅲ.改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语
1.Gentlemenalwaysshakehands
2.Acoldrainwasfalling.
3.Theoldmanwalkedslowly.
4.Theground
5.Thereisatalltree
作文中句子优美怎么画下划线【五】
作文中句子优美怎么画下划线【六】
这个句子只要具备以下特征中的一个特征，就说明它具有承上功能：
A.句子中的词或短语对上文的表象内容具有概括作用。例如，刚才，我说明了使用手机的方法。其中“手机的使用方法”这个短语就对上文的表象内容进行了概括，所以这句话就具有承上功能。
B.过渡句中有某个词或短语，解释了上文的本质内容。例如海市蜃楼不是一种神仙鬼怪降临人世，而是光的一种折射成像现象。如果前一段描述的是海市蜃楼的现象，这句话中“是光的一种折射成像现象”就揭示了上文的本质内容，因而这句话也具有承上功能。
C.涉及到上文说明的内容。例如上文讲了一棵树，这个句子中提到相关的树叶、树根等，就说明这句话具有承上作用
D.和上文构成明显的逻辑关系。例如句子开头是“因此”、或者“那么”、或者“然而”，那么这个过渡句显然和上文有或因果、或假设、或转折逻辑联系；还有的句子开头是“其次”、“第二”等，明显前文有“首先”、“第一”等词，构成主次、或顺次关系，因而也具有承上功能。
作文中句子优美怎么画下划线【七】
1.指出其在内容表达上的作用、效果；
2.指出其在结构上的作用。
例如：分析下面语段中划线句子的作用
抵御沙丘进攻的方法是植树种草。我国沙荒地区，有一部分沙丘已经长了草皮和灌木，不再转移阵地了。这种固定的沙丘，只要能妥善保护草皮和灌木，防止过度砍伐和任意放牧，就可以固定下来。根据近年治沙的，陕北榆林、内蒙古磴口、甘肃民勤地区的流动沙丘，表面干沙层的厚度一般不超过10厘米。10 厘米以下，水分含量逐渐增大，到40厘米的深处，水分含量达到2%以上，这就是湿沙层了。湿沙层的水分足够供应固定沙丘的植物的需要。所以在流动沙丘上植树种草，是可以成活的。林木和草类成长以后，沙丘就可以固定下来了。
1.对应的答案是：概括说明植树种草是抵御沙丘进攻的方法，语言简洁明快；
2.对应的答案是：总领全段。
将二者合起来，就是划线的中心句的作用（答案分为在内容表达和结构两个方面的作用）：概括说明植树种草是抵御沙丘进攻的'方法，语言简洁明快；在结构上总领全段。
