不久前,我们对中外学生语言学习的情况进行了调查,分析了中外学生的学习状态,发现存在以下几个方面的差异:
1.学习驱动力方面的差别
在近五年的汉语教学中,当每个留学生被问到“你为什么来中国学汉语?”时,他们的第一个答案就是“兴趣”。毋庸置疑,国外学生学习的最大动力就是个人兴趣。而中国非英语专业的大学生学习英语也是两年时间,但都是大班教学(少则五六十人,多则超过一百人),由学校统一编班,统一安排教学进度和课程设置。由于学生学习水平参差不齐,带课教师不能照顾到每个学生,只能根据多数学生的语言掌握情况安排教学,从而被动地忽视了个体的差异性,也导致了许多学生学习的积极性不高。我国许多学生争取高成绩是为了拿到奖学金,将来毕业找到一份好的工作,为家里减轻负担;有的是为了考取研究生或推免而本硕连读;有的也仅仅是为了及格;有的是为了追求真理;也有的是为了实现自己的社会价值。总之,中外学生在学习上的驱动力差别较大。
2.学习目的的差别
中外学生学习的目的都包括为了实现个人的`价值、理想。然而,除此共同目的之外,有些中国学生的另一目的是为了父母甚至是教师而读书。为了报答父母的养育之恩,为了不负某个教师的期望而日日苦读。这就是学习目的中的“指向自我的学习目的,指向社会的学习目的”以及我国学生具有的“指向他人的学习目的”[2]。
3.学习条件的差别
国外高校基本上每个教室都配有多台电脑,无线网络覆盖面广,学习者均可免费使用。图书、电子文献等资源都可以随意使用。国内的高校配套设施相比较国外来说要落后一些,再加上学生众多,因而“僧多肉少”的局面时有发生。除此之外,在中外学生的居住环境方面,我国的大学一般都会让留学生单独居住,住宿环境安静舒适;而我国学生人数众多,通常都是统一安排住宿,这样一来学生想要把宿舍当作书房来学习并养成良好的宿舍自修习惯就变得很困难。
Sometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be?
Perhaps some people will go to the moon for a holiday or even live on the moon,and some scientists will build cities under the sea to make people live there. We can have a medical examination or do some shopping without leaving our homes,which makes the life more convenient. Maybe we will also do some shopping and work at home.
And I'm sure there'll be more educational programmes on the radio or TV or by the Intemet or videophones,so perhaps some children won't need to go to school every day. They'll study at home.
In the future,all electric equipment at home is under the con-trol of computers. People can learn about the situation of the house by working on the computer at the office. No people like doing housework. Maybe each family will have a robot. Every day we can tell the robot what to do-shopping,housework and so on. believe the dream will come true some day.
Elephant is the largest animal on land today. It weights some ninety kilograms and is about one metre high when born. When it is 12 years old, it studs over three meters and does not grow any more. Elephant is usually grey in color, having a long trunk with large ivory tusks protruding from each side of its mouth. Usually moving in groups and caring for each other, Elephant is know to be a very and gentle creamre. For many years people have used the strength of these poweful animals to move trees and heavy logs. Elephant has been and is a vital tool for people to do many things that would normally be imposs-ible. Elephant is and will continue to be one of the greatest creatures man has ever come into contact with. Its size. beauty, and power willforever be useful to man.
记得在我上二年级的时候,发生过这样一件事。
那天中午,我正在房间里抱着爸爸给我新买的那本《十万个为什么》,翻来覆去地看个不停。妈妈正在厨房里为了做菜忙得火热朝天。
忽然,听到妈妈喊一句:“儿子啊,没有味精了!你帮我到公园门口的小超市买一包味精回来好不?”我在看书,正看的起劲,想也没想就脱口而出:“好。妈妈塞了20元钱到我手里。我还沉浸在书里,一手拿住书,另一手拿住钱,穿好鞋子就边看书边走到了小卖部门口。”
我照妈妈的话,用极高的童音对着小卖部里面的阿姨说:“阿姨,要一条围巾。”
里面的那位阿姨很是奇怪:“现在大热天的买什么围巾啊?”
我说:“我也不知道,我妈妈要我买的。”
那位阿姨就拿了一条便宜的17元的围巾给我,找回我3元钱后,我看着书回到了家里。
刚进家门,妈妈就高兴地欢呼:“噢,味精来了,味精来了。”
我说:“妈啊,你大热天的买围巾干什么?”
妈妈说:“做菜要用啊!做菜不给味精味道就差很多!”
我心里暗暗默念:以后如果我会做菜了,一定每次都要给一条围巾。就把那条围巾递给了妈妈。
妈妈拿到围巾,顿时傻了眼:“我要你买的味精,你买围巾回来干什么?”
我大惑不解:“就是你要我买围巾回来的啊!”
这时我忽然想起妈妈吩咐我的时候我的脑袋里全是书,当然会听错。便说:“。不好意思。我看书太认真。听错了。”脸涨得通红。
妈妈开心地笑了,把我搂进怀里。
这件事再回想起来,还能让我开怀大笑。
I like elephants. They are very gentle and they can walk quietly and help people move heavy things.
Elephants are the biggest animals on the land.They are big and strong.They have big ears and trunks. It weights some ninety kilograms and is about one metre high when born. When it is 12 years old, it is over three meters high and does not grow any more. Elephants are usually grey in color. They usually live in groups and care for each other.
We should protect elephants . They are the friends of ours.
每当看到那部剃须刀,七彩的童年生活犹如放电影般呈现在了我的脑海中,久久挥之不去。
那年我才四岁,有一天我去姥爷家,看着家中柜上面各种各样的摆设品,强烈的好奇心驱使我不住地摸摸这儿,玩玩那儿。忽然老爷手中的一个黑盒子”吸引了我的注意力,他长得并不好看。却能发出嗡嗡的声音。姥爷拿着它在嘴边蹭来蹭去,一副悠闲自得的样子,那感觉简直像腾云驾雾的活神仙。而站在一旁的我早就看得心痒痒了,眼睛直直地盯着黑盒子,恨不得马上就体验一下那感觉。好不容易等到姥爷出去,我立刻一个箭步冲上去。拿起黑盒子”,随手按了一个按钮,那玩意儿立刻不停的震动起来,犹如蜜蜂采蜜般嗡嗡地叫起来,真好听。我尝试着慢慢用它在脸上蹭来蹭去,啊!那感觉仿佛把整个脸都埋进了棉花里,皮肤都跟着不停颤动,舒服极了。这时姥爷回来了,他神情怪异地盯着我看,忽然缓缓地问:你的眉毛哪儿去了?”我闻声大惊,急忙拿起镜子一瞧,嘿,果真我的眉毛竟不翼而飞啦!我吓得哇哇大哭起来,姥爷却忍不住哈哈大笑。这时我又瞅见了镜中那个狼狈不堪的我,又不禁破涕而笑。
冰心曾说过,童年是梦中的真,是真中的梦,是回忆时含泪的微笑,这句话是多么贴切啊。
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