Dear Mr Cooper,
I work at the Friendship Bookstore on Dongfang Road where you often come to buy books.The other day when you bought a dictionary at our bookstore I made a mistake abut the price.You looked at two different editions of the same dictionary,one costing 30 yuan and the other 21 yuan.You took the 21-yuan but I accepted 30 yuan from you.I didn\'t find out my mistake until you had left.Will you please come to the bookstore to get your change or to return your dictionary and get a 30-yuan edition instead? I apologize for whatever trouble this is causing you.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
1。 It is considered /thought that人们(有人,大家)认为
2。 It is generally /usually accepted /agreed/recognized that普遍(一般,通常)认为
3。 It is believed that有人(人们,大家)相信
4。 It is well—known that大家知道(众所周知)
5。 It is said that据说(有人说)
6。 It is learned that据闻(悉)
7。 It is supposed that据推测
8。 It is estimated/predicted/calculated that据估计(预计)
9。 It must be pointed that必须指出
10。 It is reported that据报道
11。 It must be admitted that必须承认
12。 It will be seen that可见(可以看出)
13。 It will be seen from this that由此可见
14。 It is understood that不用说(都知道)
15。 It can not be denied that无可否认
16。 It has been proved/demonstrated that已经证明
17。 It may be confirmed that可以肯定
18。 It may be safely said that可以有把握地说
19。 It is sometimes asked that人们有时会问
20。 It is expected that/hoped that人们希望
21。 When it comes to要说到,要谈及
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的\'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
示例:
Dear______,
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for ________(感谢的\'原因. If it had not been for your assistance in _________(对方给你的具体帮助, I fear that I would have been_________(没有对方帮助时的后果.
Every one agrees that it was you who__________(给出细节.
Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
1.审清题意,理解所要写作的书信是何种类型,收信人是什么身份,应采用什么语气和格式来完成写作。
2.罗列词汇,根据提示,将可能用到的词汇、短语、句型搜集整理。
3.串句成篇,适当添加连接词和过渡词,必要时增加相关细节以使行文连贯。
4.检查润色。
(一启始
惠书敬悉,甚以为慰。
顷接大示,如见故人。
久不通函,至以为念。
前上一函,谅已入鉴。
近屡奉笺,至感厚谊深情。
接获手书,情意拳拳,至不欢愉。
数奉手书,热情诚挚之情,溢于言表。
日前曾奉尺牍,意其已抵左右。
捧读知已惠书,音容笑颜,历历在目。
昨得书笺,反复读之,深情厚意,感莫能言。
(二思念
别后月余,殊深驰系。
睽违日久,拳念殷殊。
分手甚久,别来无恙。
故园念切,梦寐神驰。
握别以来,深感寂寞,近况如何,甚念。
鸿雁传来,千里咫尺,海天在望,不尽依依。
相距甚远,不能聚首,转寄文墨,时通消息。
别亦良久,甚以为怀,何日重逢,登高延企。
奉读惠书,宛如天外飞来,回首往事,不啻依稀如昨。
长怀盛德,聊吐愚衷,谨凭鸿雁之传,伫望白云之信。
(三饮佩
大示拜读,心折殊深。
久钦鸿才,时怀渴谒。
德宏才羡,屡屡怀慕。
久慕英才,拜谒如渴。
顷读诲语,如闻金玉良言,茅塞顿开。
谨蒙诲教,疑或冰释,胜似春风甘霖灌顶。
恩师才高八斗,学富五车,泰山北斗,谁不思慕。
蒙惠书并赐佳作,浩如河汉,理至还必须真,拜服之至。嗣后如有所见,或有新作,望莫遗愚友之驽,尚请随时见示为盼。
先生德高望重,文才武略,贯古今之论,晓中外之文,下风引领,敢下拜嘉。
(四问病
闻君欠安,甚为悬念。
顷闻您卧榻数日,心甚系念。
闻君甚念,无奈事务缠身,未能前来请安,恳请慎疾自爱。
知尊恙复发,恳祈暂停公务,苓参进,调养莫误,甚念甚念。
尊恙已大愈否?贵体新全,望珍摄自重,衣餐增适,动定咸宜。诸唯珍重,皮之不存,毛岂附焉,来日方长,亟望珍重。
尊恙愈否,念念。
欣闻贵体康复,至为慰藉。
重病新愈,望调养有序,节劳为盼。
闻君抱恙,不胜悬念,特函问候,祝早日康复。
(五时令问候
春寒料峭,善自珍重。
阳春三月,燕语莺歌,想必神采奕奕。
炎暑日蒸,千万珍重。
盛暑之后,继以炎秋,务望尚自珍为盼。
秋色宜人,望养志和神。
秋风萧萧,至祈摄卫。
日来寒威愈烈火,伏维福躬无恙。
寒风苦雨,恳请厚自珍爱。
近闻贵地大风暴雨,家居安否,念念。
朔风突起,寒潮逼至,想寓中均安?
(六祝贺
顷闻嘉讯,再祝鸿猷大展,万里鹏程。
欣闻……,谨寄数语,聊表祝贺与希望之心。
喜闻……,由衷快慰,遥祝前程似锦,万事如意。
谨具刀笔书谒,恭贺嘉事吉礼。
1、贺新婚
忽鸣燕贺,且祝新禧。
欣闻足下花烛筵开,奉呈薄礼,聊卺之仪。
附呈微物,聊佐喜仪,忽弃是幸。
喜闻你们有缘终成眷属,至为欣慰。
欣闻你们喜结良缘,无限欣慰。
近闻足下燕尔新婚,特此祝贺。
顷悉你不日西厢叙情,蓝田得玉,天成佳偶,谨祝秦晋和欢,白头偕老。
顷闻吉音,欣逢嘉礼,遥祝如鱼得水,并蒂花开,嘉贺嘉祝。
2、祝寿
×日为先生××大寿,遥祝寿比南山,福如东海。
恭祝延年寿千秋。
谨颂受寿家多,长命百岁。
喜贺福寿双全,恭贺全家安好,寿星永照。
3、贺生儿女
闻育祥麟,谨此恭贺。
闻尊夫妇喜添千金,热忱致贺。(贺生女
弄璋之喜,可庆可贺。(贺生子
弄瓦之庆,遥以致贺。(贺生女
(七致谢
大示诵悉,深感勤勤恳恳诲人不倦之意。
厚情盛意,应接不遑,切谢切谢。
奉报先生殷殷之谊,当俟异日耳。
感荷高情,非只语片言所能鸣谢。
承蒙谆谆忠告,铭感五衷。
承蒙见教,获益甚多,特上寸笺,以申谢忱。
承蒙惠赠各物,衷心感谢,不胜荣幸。
承蒙存问,且赠佳品,感恩不尽。
如此厚赠,实深惶悚,但来从远道,却之不恭,因即拜领。
(八致歉
惠书敬悉,甚感盛情,迟复为歉。
奉读惠书,久未作复,罪甚罪甚。
惠书已悉,近因琐务,未即奉答为歉。
数奉台函,未暇修复,抱歉良深。
所询之事,目前尚难奉复,敬请宽裕为怀。
前事有逆尊意,不胜惭愧,万望海涵。
前事有负雅意,十分抱歉,尚希恕之。
见有睽异之处,幸在知己,尚希见宽降恕。
(九拜托
冒味唐突干请,惟望幸许。
拜托之处,乞费神代办,不胜感荷。
谨布区区,尚希鉴明,费神相助。
所恳之事,若蒙慨允,将不胜感激之至。
特沥寸函布达,祈忽他言推诿。
为书请之,便中还请一询为荷。
乞赐……,以志厚谊。
鉴于此情,望您能大解善囊,尽力相助。
人生友谊,唯君多谊,切望惠泽大诿,鼎力为之。
岁月悠悠,与君多谊,还望滋润再三,泽被延绵。
(十致哀
惊闻××作古,家失栋材,悲痛万分。
尊×猝去,深致哀悼,尚望节哀顺变。
前闻令×逝去,为之惨然,人死不能复生,尚望节哀。
闻悉××仙逝,不胜伤悼,足下遭此不幸,伤感必甚,恳请宽辟哀情,善自珍爱。
死者已矣,生者恳请多多保重。
希高年珍摄,勉抑哀思。谨函驰陈,藉申慰问。
惊承讣告,悲悼不已,凡在相好,无不同深惋惜。
(十一赠物
奉呈薄资,尚望笑纳为幸。
区区小物两包,聊供途中之需,即乞晒纳。
所奉礼品虽微不足道,但物轻情意重,望勿嫌弃。
千里鹅毛,聊表寸心。
微物奉上,聊祝吉安,幸祈笑纳。
寄奉百元,聊佐薪水,为数甚微,将意而已。
(十二请教
风雨同舟,愿闻明教。
倘蒙见教,没齿不忘,一日为师,终生为父。
倘承不吝赐教家,幸甚幸甚。
甚盼时赐物,匡我不逮。
得暇望时赐教言为祷。
一切恳请详示,万望莫以鄙陋而不堪教也。
苦有所得,祈随时赐示为盼。
倘有所闻,尚祈见告,俾资改进,不胜为盼。
(十三商讨
愚直之言,尚祈嘉纳。
蒙雅爱,沥胆直谏。
叨称至好,故敢缄阻,草沥数行,请鉴纳。
相见以诚,请恕不谦。
微开之言,幸无见阔,不胜大愿。
叨在契末,斗胆直陈,伏维朗照,不尽缕衷。
吾敬先生,尤爱真理,故秉笔直陈,希原谅之为祷。
缘承下询,草复寸笺,种种尚须斟酌之处,尊意如何?
此等事本不累述,惟既屡承下问,慨然如感,遂略布鄙怀,万乞曲矛谅察为幸。
(十四结束
匆此先复,余容后禀。
铁此布臆,余容续陈。
临书仓促,不尽欲言。
日来事冗,恕不多叙。
书不尽意,余言后续。
草率书此,祈恕不恭。
驰函寓意,伫望示复。
匆此草就,不成文进,原宥是幸。
忙中即书,言不由衷,不足之处,恕见谅。
邀请信:
It is my pleasure / a great honor for me to invite you to ...
I am sure that you will enjoy yourself here.
I hope that you won’t decline my invitation.
感谢信:
It was kind and generous of you to do this for me and I do appreciate it more than I can say.
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for ...
道歉信:
I am terribly sorry that I have done ...
I hope that the settlement of the matter will meet your wishes.
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