1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
In short, it can be said that
“如果你有很多钱,你会干什么?”这是一个非常复杂的问题。有人也许想买一辆昂贵的车,还有人想买一栋豪华的房子。或着有人想经营一个公司等。我也有我自己的想法。
If I have a lot of money, I will publish an English book under my name. Maybe I will be famous someday, because everyone will know the fact that I'm good at English.
如果我有很多钱,我会用我的名字出版了一本英语书。也许有一天我会很出名,因为每个人都会知道我擅长英语的事实。
If I have a lot of money, I will help my best friend to set up a training school. Since this is his greatest dream. If I can make his dream come true, I will be very honorable. I will let him be the boss, but I only want to be his assistant.
如果我有很多钱,我会帮助我最好的朋友建立一个培训学校。因为这是他最大的梦想。如果我能实现他的梦想,我会感到很光荣。我会让他成为老板,而我只想做他的助手。
If I have a lot of money, I will travel to various coast cities. As they are facing the sea, I can spend a wonderful time at the seaside. It is said that the seaside is so wonderful and beautiful. The sunrise is glorious at the seaside and surfing on the sea is very exciting. While facing the sea, I can enjoy endless pleasure. How charming it is while feeling the sea wind blowing to us. It's also wonderful to enjoy the beautiful sunshine on the golden beach.
如果我有很多钱,我会去各沿海城市旅游。他们都面向大海,所以我能在海边度过一个美好的时光。据说,海边是非常美丽和美妙的。海边的日出很美,在海边冲浪也很刺激。面对大海,我可以享受到无穷的乐趣。多么迷人,感觉到海风吹向我们的时候是多么的迷人啊。在金色的`沙滩上享受美丽的阳光也是非常棒的。
These are my beautiful dreams. Even though I find it a little difficult to fulfill my dreams, it doesn't matter, because where there is a will, there is a way. I believe I can realize my dreams through my great efforts.
这些都是我美丽的梦想。虽然我很努力去实现我的梦想但是还是有点难度,不过没关系,因为有志者事竟成。我相信我能通过我的努力实现我的梦想。
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
1:Peoples views onvary from person to person. Some hold thatHowever, others believe that
2:People may have different opinions on
3:Attitudes towards vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards
4:There are different opinions among people as to
1 A good case in point is ...
2 As an illustration, we may take ...
3 Such examples might be given easily.
4 ...is often cited as an example.
想起前几天美术老师也是非常好心地告诉我科技画画五年级唯独就我们班没有选上一副,虽然也早早地就有一个孩子交了一副画。我只能无奈地自嘲:我也不会画画啊!不怪我的学生!虽然美术老师特意给我们一个机会:让我们班学生每个人回去再重新画一副,可是结果显然还是不能令人满意。
仔细地反省了一下,是我没有及时传达学校的.文件精神吗?不是这样,我很认真地把通知在班上讲了,甚至对某些有特长的学生单独布置了任务,可是就是没有人交!是我没有经常催促吗?也不是,我时常在班上问有没有人画好了写好了,可是就是没有肯定的回答!是我不够认真?也不是啊,自以为没有别的本领,对待工作的认真还真是没人可以挑剔我!如此一想就是我的能力有问题了,否则原因在啊呢?
同事笑我:你为什么要对号入座?你不把它当回事不就行了!可是我明明是把它当作一回事了!直到今天学校的作品已经上交到上级部门了,可是我们班还是没有一个学生交作品给我!每个班最少一份的任务我最终还是没能完成!
改的时候有学生向我倾诉,爸爸妈妈老吵架,还问她如果离婚了她跟谁?她不知道自己该怎么办?最后问我她应该怎么做。一边为学生对自己的信任感动,一面又为自己的无能无奈,我要怎么安慰她?我该告诉她怎么去做呢?想了又想,只能让她好好表现,把学习成绩搞好,大人的事情孩子没有办法。这时候才发现语言是多么的苍白无力!
只能感叹一声:我不是万能的班主任!可是我真的已经尽力了,面对领导的旁敲侧击,面对学生的信任,我非常惭愧却又无能为力!也许是时候从班主任的位子上下来了?
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