organizations
who are managers
A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
How do we define who managers are
we have first-line managers, the lowest level of management ,manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who typically are involved with producing the organization’s products or servicing the organization’s customers. First-line managers often have the title of supervisor, but they may also called shift managers, district managers, department managers, office managers, or even foreperson. middle managers include all levels of management between the first level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as regional manager, project leader, plant manager, or division manager. At or near the upper levels of the organizational structure are the top managers, who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairperson.
what is management
management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.
Effectiveness is often described as doing things right, that is, not wasting resources.
what do managers do
management researchers have, after many years of study, developed three specific categorization schemes to describe what managers do: functions, roles, and skills. management functions
Planning: managers define goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
organizing: managers are responsible for arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals.
Leading: managers motivate subordinate, help resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues.
controlling: managers have to monitor, compare and correct everything that is deviating. management roles
The term management roles refers to specific categories of managerial behavior.
Interpersonal roles are roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial symbolic in nature. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison.
Informational roles involve collecting, receiving, and disseminating information. The three informational roles are monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.
Decisional roles entail making decisions or choices. The four decisional roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
management skills
Technical skills are the job-specific knowledge and techniques needed to proficiently perform specific tasks. These skills tend to be more important for lower-level managers because they typically are managing employees who are suing tools and techniques to produce the organization’s products or service the organization’s customers.
Human skills involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group. Because managers deal directly with people, these skills are essential and equally important at all levels of management.
conceptual skills are the skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. Using these skills, managers must see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment.
How the manager’s job is changing
what is an organization
An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
Becoming a manager
1. Keep up with current business news.
2. Read books about good and bad examples of managing.
3. Remember that one of the things good managers do is discover what is unique about each
person and capitalize on it.
4. Keep in mind the simple advice of the late Peter Drucker, who has been called the most
influential management thinker of the twentieth century: management is about people.
5. work on your soft skills—work ethic, communications, information gathering, and people
skills. These are what employers cite as the most important factors for getting jobs.
6. observe managers and how they handle people and situations.
7. Talk actual managers about their experiences—good and bad.
8. Get experience in managing by taking on leadership roles in student organizations.
9. Start thinking about whether you’d enjoy being a manager.
If I ruled the world, I would do some changes that will make the world become better. I would publicize concept of peace, and try to reduce wars. I would also try my best to reduce taxation, help poor people with their producion and make business revive. I would change education too, because it is said that the fature of a country depends on children of the country. In a way, the future of the world depends on children of the world. So I think, the education is a very important factor to make the world become better. I would reduce class-time, reduce homeworks and build many appliances for play on the playground. I would make the schools become a kind of place that kids can be happy there, and like there. I would definitely be a good leader. If somebedy gave me honor to rule the whole world, I wouldnt let him(her down. I would do anything I can do to make the world become more beautiful, more peaceful and warmer.
我的生命是一根缰绳,珍贵只是牵满了星星,我的年华是一块夜屏,可爱只是匿藏着歌唱,星星的歌唱。
都只是在哀悼轮回?
透明胶上的粘着的文字,都是我的一些过往罢。很久就睡在回忆里,梦着那些曾经很真实的满天星星璀璨的岁月;但是,梦属于过去,梦想即便属于未来了,不是么?于是幻想。单纯的幻想着下一个轮回,在圈圈圆圆的生命第二次。我扬起脸,看到的闪烁繁星和明明无无的月光,可没有月亮,便亦无圆与缺之谈。
我是一只乌鸦,那个冬天是我第二次生命的开始。我不明白,白色的季节为什么赐予我黑色的羽毛,茫莽的`阴影搁伤了我的喉咙,“呀——呀”的叫声混淆着空气变成哭泣。
不过单调的生活很快让我习惯自己。
也许我的命运很糟糕,但是我一直过得很真实、纯朴。并整天整夜如此乐观地歌颂我自以为了不起的生活意义,尽管我的歌声使我狼狈——人们把我视为倒霉之物,把我的忠告听成诅咒——如此狼狈。
而我知道,这不过仅仅是黑色的奉予罢了。
举头,侧目,忽见微闪星星。
我忍不住又叫:“呀——呀——”夜空很狰狞,欣悦只是星星灿烂地冲我笑。我也希望像星星一样,微笑,大笑,甚至狂笑。可是我不懂得。
冬天的夜,漫无温热的夜,我孤立在光秃秃的枝头,望着自己的投影不断地打寒颤,于是飞回窝里去。刺骨的寒风使我难眠,漫长寒夜,我数着天空中的繁星,直到启明星也消失,然后对自己说晚安。
树下面有位老人,是乞丐,老人蜷缩在树边,挣扎在生命线的最后。生命是一条线段,有两个端点。起点很欢悦,但终点不一定。几道寒风的镂刻,老人终于在颤抖中死去,但身子便不颤抖了。这是伤悲里的幸福么?我在老人上空盘旋了几圈,然后哀鸣:“呀——呀——”随即下面走过的路人说:“该死的乌鸦。”
其实,我何尝不是在哀悼老人?
我依稀听见星星的歌唱,歌唱老人的轮回。
那些星星的影子,摇曳在老人的明眸里,最后坠落于他的轮回,老人目光呆滞。
这是我的第二轮回,只是还没走到尽头,我懂得这叫浓缩,浓缩在一颗闪烁的星星里。
我是一只乌鸦,当走到线段的第二个端点,那便是我第二次生命的消亡,也是生命的第三次开始。我知道,坠落在轮回里面的仅仅是星星的影子。
繁星。璀璨。
闭上眼,等待下一个轮回。
俗话说的好:“不爱惜时间,就等于不爱惜生命。”由此可见,时间是多么的珍贵,多么的重要。但,要如何把握时间,将每一分、每一秒都用上呢?
首先,我们要先规划行程表,写出一天中想做的事。因为如果没有明确的记录下来,就没办法有效率的完成所有工作了。
下一步,也是最重要的一件事──有效率的实行,将行程表上的`工作,一步接着一步的完成,而且要把握每一刻,让事情能更快解决。例如在等公车时可以多看点书,丰富自己的知识;休息时间可以帮忙打扫,让整个家变得一尘不染,这些正是善用时间的好例子。
总而言之,我们要好好的利用时间,充实生活。就因为时间是一去不返的,所以只能把握住每一刻,不能只是想着要再拖一下,才不会一事无成。
莎士比亚曾说过:“时间的脚步,不会因为我们有许多事情要做,而稍作停留。”因此,我们更应该要好好把握我们所拥有的时时刻刻,努力当个能珍惜时间并善用时间的好主人吧!
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