要理清结构,分析说明顺序。说明文的结构并不复杂。常见的结构形式有 “总?概括 ——分?具体 ”式、“总?概括 ——分?具体 ——总?概括 ”式、“分?具体 ——总?概括 ”式、并列式、递进式等。例如,《苏州园林》一文采用了“总——分”式结构。常用的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序三种。那么,如何分析说明顺序呢?
1、认清说明对象,分析说明顺序。说明对象的特点决定了说明顺序的选择。有些事物内部构造比较复杂,通常按空间顺序说明。例如 《人民英雄永垂不朽》一文,主要采用空间顺序介绍首都人民英雄纪念碑的 建筑 结构。介绍事物各个阶段的特点或制作过程,往往采用时间顺序。介绍抽象事理或事物,多数采用逻辑顺序,通常采用总分、主次、层进等方式,从现象到本质、从简单到复杂、从原因到结果、从概述到具体地揭示事物的特征。例如《死海不死》两部分之间有一个由结果到原因的内在的逻辑顺序。
2、把握语言标志,“读”出说明顺序。例如,时间顺序多用表时间变化的词语,空间顺序多用表方位的词语,逻辑顺序多用表逻辑层次的关联词语等。
Father's Day
Yesterday was Father's Day. I had planned to give my father a present. But I didn't remember it until in the morning.It was too late to post a card to him. So I decided to buy something. When I was in the department store. I found it was not easy for me to choose something right for him. Suddenly I
got an idea. I ran home and opened my computer. I made a beautiful card and mailed him through the Internet. then I began to make supper. When father came home, he was very glad to find a big meal on the table. then I asked him to check his e-mail. He was amazed to find a beautiful card in his e-mail-box.
What a wonderful surprise!
看风筝(提要
星期天,我和爸爸去广场玩。秋高气爽,正是放风筝的好季节。各种各样的风筝点缀在一望无垠的蓝天上,煞是美丽。
要说明文的语言特点。准确、简洁是说明文语言的主要特点。一般来说,以说明事物为主的说明文,重在抓住事物的特点,用简明的语言平实地加以说明。而科学小品,讲究趣味性、文艺性,需要作必要的生动、形象的说明。
另外要重视具有修辞性功能的词语表义的准确性,恰当地使用表程度、范围的副词和数量词,可使语言表达更具体、更全面。恰当地使用关联词语,可使语言表达更连贯、更严密,从而更好地体现说明文语言准确性的特点。
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