Smoking is a bad habit that does harm to smoker and others. Many kinds of diseases and cancers are caused by smoking, such as tracheitis, lung cancer and many other diseases. Recent years, there are tens of thousands of people dying of smoking. But there still are many people enjoying smoking, because they think smoking is a kind of fashion and smoking is so cool, especially among teenagers. In addition, smoking does harm to others as well. Second hand smoking has been recognized harmful to other people. Even worse, it may cause more damages. Therefore, people should remember that smoking is harmful to others and those people who smokes should give up smoking as soon as possible.
吸烟是个坏习惯,它对吸烟者和别人都有害。很多疾病和癌症是有吸烟引起的,比如说气管炎,肺癌还有很多其他疾病。近年来,成千上万的人死于吸烟。但是仍然有很多人喜欢吸烟,因为他们认为吸烟是一种时尚,很酷,特别是青少年。另外,吸烟也会对别人有害。二手烟是公认的对别人有害的。更糟糕的是,它会带来更多伤害。因此,人们应该牢记吸烟有害他人,那些吸烟的人应该尽可能戒烟。
俗话说:“无盐不出味”,食盐是人们生活中必需的调味品。在菜肴中适当放点盐,既调味又有利人体健康。食盐的主要作用是调节细胞与血液之间的渗透平衡和正常的水盐代谢。在大汗不止时,适当补充盐分,可防止体内微量元素的缺乏。在通常情况下,人体摄入的水和盐的总量与排出的水和盐的总量是容易维持平衡的。但是在某些特殊情况下,也可能破坏此平衡,出现问题。例如人患急性肠胃炎,喝下去的水不能吸收到血液里,都随粪便排出去了,而体内的水却仍然通过呼吸、汗液、尿液,继续排出体外,结果造成严重的脱水。这时除了用药物治疗外,还要给病人注射一些生理盐水,来维持水代谢的平衡。又如在剧烈的体力劳动中,在高温作业中,体内盐分随汗液大量排出。这时可能由于体内缺乏盐分,出现肌肉痉挛的现象。因此,在休息时,要喝一些淡的食盐水,来维持食盐的代谢的平衡。
《神农本草》记载:“食盐宜脚气,洁齿、坚齿,治一切皮肤诸症。”用食盐和苏子根煎水洗脚,可以治脚气病。常用盐水擦洗皮肤,可使皮肤健康,增强抵抗力。食盐有止痛作用,如热水烫伤了皮肤,擦点盐(或酱油可以减少疼痛。天热喝点淡盐水,可以防治大便不通、喉咙痛、牙痛和腹痛。每天早晨喝一杯盐开水,可以避免嗓音发哑。如果误食了有毒食物,喝点盐开水,可以解毒。夏秋牛奶易变质,在牛奶中少加点盐,能使牛奶保鲜期延长。蔬菜瓜果食用前,先将其浸泡在淡盐水中20分钟,能去除残存的农药、寄生虫卵,有***灭病菌作用。煎鱼前将鱼放在盐水中洗净,鱼就没有泥土和腥味。此外,食盐还能软化体内酸性肿块。
食盐对人的健康有很多好处,但食量要适宜,每人天以10克为宜,如果过量也会给人带来危害。
食盐过多会引起高血压。据专家调查,吃盐量与高血压发病率有一定关系,吃盐越多,高血压发病率越高。阿拉斯加的爱斯基摩人的食盐量很低,基本上没有患高血压的,而每天食盐量高达20克左右的日本北部居民,高血压发病率高得惊人。在我国食盐量较低的广东省,高血压发病率仅为3.5%;而喜食咸的北方人,高血压发病率却明显增高。这是因为盐在某些内分泌素的作用下,能使血管对各种升血压物质的敏感性增加,引起细小动脉痉挛,使血压升高,而且还可能使肾细小动脉硬化过程加快。同时盐又有吸咐水分的作用。如果盐积蓄过多,水分就要大大增加,血容量也会相应增加,再加上细胞内外的钾、钠比例失调,使红细胞功能受到损害,血流粘滞,流动缓慢,加重了血液循环的工作负担,导致血压的进一步升高。
食盐过多会引起水肿。由于食盐过多,使钠在体内积累,而钠具有亲水性,所以引起水肿,并增加肾脏的负担。
食盐过多会引起感冒。高浓度的钠盐有强烈的渗透作用,会影响人体细胞的抗病能力。过量食盐,一是使唾液分泌减少,以致口腔的溶菌酶也相应减少,使病毒在口腔里有了着床的机会。二是由于钠盐的渗透,上皮细胞防御功能被抑制,较大地丧失了抗病能力。感冒病毒很容易通过失去了屏障作用的细胞侵入人体,所以易使人患感冒,而且咽喉炎、扁桃腺炎等上呼吸道炎症也常会发生。
食盐过量会引起心脏病。《内经》有这样一段记载:“多食盐,则脉凝注而色变”。“味过咸,大骨气伤,心气抑”。咸多伤心,食味过咸使小动脉收缩,有害于心脏。例如湖南居民心脏病死亡率比全国高出四个百分点,这同倚重猪肉和食盐消费过多有密切的关系。
食盐过多会导致胃癌。日本的胃癌患者以东北部的秋田、山形两县爱吃咸的地方为最多。面临日本海的新泻、石川两县居民顿顿吃稻米饭,患胃癌的也多。患胃癌数占首位的秋田县曾发动一场减盐运动,结果死于胃癌的人减少二成以上。可见吃盐过量是患癌的一大原因。盐里并无致癌物质,但它容易破坏胃的粘膜,对致癌物质起帮助作用。此外,肾脏病和中风与食盐过量也有密切关系。
因此,平时吃菜不要吃得太咸,尤其是老年人与婴幼儿的食物不能过咸。不能以成年人的味觉为标准准给孩子食物,使孩子受到损害,诱发高血压和心肌衰弱。对老年人烹调中尽量用醋、荠末,胡椒等香辣调料来代替盐分,减少食盐的数量。
I attended Jack's birthday party tonight. After dinner, Jack gave cigarets to our boy students present.
At the important moment, I stop them and told them the bad effects of smoking: firstly Smoking is a waste of money and it's greatly harmful to our health. And it can lead to fires easily. So we should not smoke at all.
But it seemed helpless and they wouldn't listen to me. Somebody even said that body and health belonged to themselves and it's up to them to decide whether to smoke or not. I told him calmly, "Even if you have the right to harm your own body, but it doesn't mean that you have the same right to harm others'."
At last, they agreed with me, and some students said that they would never smoke any longer.
For the next one hour, we danced and sang happily, and nobody did smoke again.I felt very happy that my classmate all understood the harmness of smoking.
我今晚参加了杰克的生日派对。晚饭后,杰克给我们的男同学吸烟。
在重要的时刻,我阻止并告诉他们吸烟的不良影响:首先,吸烟很浪费钱,它对对我们的健康危害很大。它会很容易引起火灾。所以我们不应该吸烟,所以我们不能吸烟。
但很无奈似乎他们不听我的。甚至有人说身体是自己的,这是是否吸烟由他们自己说了算。我平静地说,“即使你有伤害自己身体的权利,但这并不意味着你要伤害别人的权利。”
最后,他们同意我的看法,一些学生说他们不会再抽烟了。
在接下来的一个小时里,我们跳舞,唱歌,没有人吸烟了。我感到非常高兴,我的同学都知道了吸烟的危害。
Today smoking is a widespread habit ali over the world. Not only the old, the youth, but also middle school students have been engaged in smoking. Many of them think that smoking is a smart symbol.
However, smoking is harmful to one's health. It contributes a lot of lung cancer, from which many people have died in the past years. It can also cause many other diseases. In a word, if you smoke, you do have a much greater chance of losing your health. Furthermore, scientific research shows that smoking is not only harmful to smokers themselves, but also a threat to public health, especially to women and children. Therefore, many countries have made laws forbidding smokers to smoke m public places such as cinemas, stations, hospitals, and so on Giveup smoking! If you don't smoke, don't start. Give upsmoking for the sake of your health, for the sake of your family, and for the sake of the whole world.
当今吸烟是一个世界范围内的习惯。不仅是老人,青年,而且中学生都吸烟。他们中的许多人认为吸烟是一种潇洒的象征。
然而,吸烟有害人的健康。它会引起肺癌,其中许多人在过去的一年都死去了。它还可以造成许多其他疾病。总之,如果你吸烟,你有更大的机会失去你的健康。此外,科学研究显示,吸烟不仅对吸烟者有害,而且对公众健康构成威胁,尤其是对妇女和儿童。因此,许多国家都制定了法律禁止吸烟如电影院,车站,医院等公共场所禁止吸烟,如果你不抽烟,不要开始。戒烟吧,为了你的健康,为了你的家庭,和世界。
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