“我是谁?”这是哲学的三大命题之一。“我适合做什么工作?”是高职生在生涯发展中常常思考的问题和职业定位的结点。根据人——职匹配理论、职业生涯规划首先要对个体自我进行了解和认识,这是职业发展的起点,个体对自己的认识越深入、越清楚、就越能够了解自己的所需所能,从而在纷繁的职业环境中找到适合自己的职业发展之路。
职业生涯规划中的自我认识包括四个方面的因素:价值观、兴趣、性格和能力。
1、价值观。价值观是指“某些贵你来说很重要和你能想要的东西”。价值观是个体在后天成长过程中于环境互动中逐渐形成的。价值观一旦形成,便具有较强的稳定性,对人们的行为发生着强有力的内在动力和支配作用。
在很多的时候,价值观往往对个体的人生方向、生活方式起着核心作用。“你想要一种什么样的生活?”“什么样的职业能够使你实现这个目标?”因此,价值观是一个重要的决策因素,学生在职业决策中的许多困惑,决断困难往往与价值观有重要关俩,如高收入而相对不稳定的甲工作和相对低收入而稳定的\'乙工作,实际上就是两种生活方式的选择,个体需要澄清的是,对于自己来讲哪个因素更重要。对自己的价值观有清楚认识的人在做生涯决策时较为容易,他们清楚什么对于自己更重要,并在选择中坚定自己的决定。大学生正过于职业价值观尚未完全定型的阶段。容易陷入误区,如盲目从众,追求热门而忽视自身的特点。要正确地看待自己的人生以及个人与国家、社会、他人的关系,树立正确的职业价值观。
2、兴趣。兴趣是“人们为了乐趣或享受而作的事情”。兴趣在人的职业活动中有着非常重要的作用,它为个体带来兴趣,提供强有力的内在动力,激发个体的潜能与创造力。有研究表明,如果一个能从事的工作与其职业兴趣相吻合,能发挥其全部才能的80%-90%。并能长时间地保持高效率的工作乐此不彼。反之,则最多只能发挥其全部才能的20%-30%,还很容易导致厌倦与疲劳。更重要的是,工作也是生活的一部分,工作质量的高低就决定了生活质量的高低,一个人从事的时候是自己喜欢的自己,是人们快乐生活的重要源泉。
按此人格偏好和职业对应我们把它分为六大类:
(1现实型:有运动、机械操作的能力、喜欢工具、机械、动植物:对应工程师、机械式等职业。
(2研究型:拥有数学和科学能力,喜欢独立工作和解决复杂的问题:对应科研人员、学者等职业。
(3艺术型:拥有艺术能力、创造力、喜欢从事原则性的工作。对应艺术家、记者、摄影师、室内设计师等职业。
(4社会型:擅长和人相处,热衷于社会关系和帮助他人解决问题;对应社会工作者、教师、咨询员等职业。
(5企业型:喜欢和人群互动,有影响力、领导力、追求政治和经济上的成就。对应律师、企业经理、政治家等职业。
(6传统型:喜欢从事资料工作,拥有文书和计算能力,能够听从指示,完成琐细的工作。对应编辑、计算机程序员、秘书、会计等职业。
3、性格。性格是指一个人对事物的稳定态度以及与之相适应的习惯化的行为方式,是个体区别于他人的主要特征。人的性格类型与职业之间具有关联性。如外向型的人可能更适合诸如营销这样需要热情多变,以人为主要工作对象的职业;而内向型的人则可能更适合会计等要求细致、严密、以数据为主要工作对象的职业。
性格是天赋和后天作用共同形成的,一旦形成就有较强的恒长性和稳定性,不易改变。不同性格有不同的特点,对于学生来说,重要的不是去改变自己的性格,而是一方面寻找性格和职业的结合点,另一方面要在对自己的性格不断修正、完善的同时,更要善于在工作中发挥自己性格的特点。
4、能力。能力是用人单位特别感兴趣的部分。常常会以“你能为公司做些什么?”这样的问题表现出来。与职业相联系,可以把能力区分为天赋能力和通用技能两类。
每个人会有不同的天赋能力或“天分”,如数字能力、运动协调能力、音乐能力等。不同的职业对天赋能力的要求是不同的,比如会计工作需要有较强的数字敏感性和计算能力,运动员需要具备运动协调能力。当选择的工作与你具备的“天分”一致时,可以收到事半功倍的效果,反之,再努力勤勉也可能收获其微。
通用技能更多的是个体通过后天学习而获得的综合的,可迁移的能力。如执行能力,沟通能力,组织管理技能等。这部分能力具备更大的提升空间,并且不同的职业有不用的能力要求。如教师工作需要有较好的表达能力,管理者需要有较强的组织管理能力,沟通能力等。不同的职业有不同的能力要求,特别是通用能力的要求,需要在大学期间就有意识地培养、发展职业所需的个人能力。
价值观、兴趣、性格、能力这四个因素在个体的职业生涯发展过程中发挥着不同层面的重要作用。可以用一个比喻来帮助大家理解他们的关系。价值观是“导航仪”,是个体生涯发展最核心的东西,不仅是重要的决策因素,还对个体人生发展方向有重大影响。兴趣是“发动机”,发挥着内在动力作用;性格是“稳压器”,保持个体与职业之间的协调,稳定;能力是“燃料”,是“发动机”运转的基础,推动个体在生涯发展中不断向前。
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body。 But our human being\\'s transportation is too fast。 The body moves but the soul is left behind。 We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul。 Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline。 But the time saved can\\'t be shorten。 Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family。 We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life。 In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness。
Take your time, please。 Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock。 Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness。 Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society。
Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life。
When students finish their high school, most of them will to go study in college, the first thing they do is to choose the major. Choosing the major is a big problem for every college student, not only for Chinese students, but also for the students around the world. Students will face the factors such as their interest is more important or the future of the major worth being first concerned.
当学生读完高中,大部分人会去大学学习,他们要做的第一件事就是选择专业。选择专业是对每个大学生来讲都是件大事,并不仅仅对于中国的学生,对于全世界的学生来说都一样。学生仍然面临着他们的兴趣更重要还是专业的将来更重要的问题。
On the one hand, most parents care about the future of the major. When students decide the major, parents will interfere with their own opinion, they want their children can have a bring future, so they care much about the needed talent of the society. Thus the children can find a promising job and earn more money.
一方面,大部分父母关注专业的未来。当学生选择专业时,父母会干涉,他们想要孩子有一个光明的未来,所以他们很关注社会需要什么样的\'人才。这样孩子可以找到一份有前途的工作,赚更多的钱。
On the other hand, students want to choose the major that they are interested. This is often contradicting with their parents’ opinion. Some students want to learn art, but most parents won’t be allowed it because it is hard for students to find a job. Everyone admits that interest is the first factor, with it, students will feel happy.
另一方面,学生想要选择他们感兴趣的专业。这经常和父母的意见相左。一些学生想要学艺术,但是大部分父母不会同意,因为这很难让学生找到工作。每个人都觉得兴趣是第一个要素,有了兴趣,学生才会感到快乐。
When choosing the major, students should considerate their parents’ opinion, most parents are open-minded, they will respect the kids’ willingness.
当选择专业的时候,学生应该考虑他们父母的意见,大部分父母是开明的,他们会尊重孩子的意愿。
[1]王俊丽.依托“云空间”开展高职学生职业生涯规划及就业指导的教学研究与实践[J].内江科技,2015(1):113.
[2]刘红.高职院校学生职业生涯规划指导研究[J].人力资源管理,2015(4):141-142.
There are a small number of people called “the moonlight clan” in our society, who always run out of their income each month and have no plan to save money. Concerning with this kind of consumption conception, some consider it as a fashion while other oppose it.
在我们的社会中有一小部分人叫“月光族”,他们每个月总是没有钱剩余也没有存钱的计划。关于这种消费观念,有人认为是时尚而其他则持反对态度。
Those who are in favor of this kind of consumption conception point out that being moonlight clan let them have more chances to enjoy lives and live in a high-quality life. However, the opponents argue that it is not a kind of rational conception because those called “the moonlight clan” may have no ability to cope with their rainy day. In addition, this kind of consumption habit put a premium on extravagance and waste to some extent.
那些支持这种消费观念的人指出成为月光族让他们有更多的机会享受生活,过高质量的生活。然而,反对者则认为那不是理性的概念,因为那些所谓的“月光族”在他们低迷的时候可能没有能力应付。此外,这种消费习惯在某种程度上形成了奢侈浪费。
Taking the two opinions into consideration, I am inclined to agree with the latter one. From my point of view, the life of the moonlight clan is more luxurious or high-quality but they may be lack of sense of security, especially in their rainy day. Therefore, I still advocate that all of us should keep some money at any time so that we will not be too difficult in our rainy day.
考虑到以上两个观点,我倾向于同意后者。从我的角度来看,月光族的生活更豪华或质量更高但是他们也许会缺乏安全感,尤其是低迷的时候。因此,我仍然认为我们所有人在任何时候都应该存一些钱,这样在困难的时候就不会过得太艰辛。
Take your time
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body. But our human being's transportation is too fast. The body moves but the soul is left behind. We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul. Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline. But the time saved can't be shorten. Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family. We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life. In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness.
Take your time, please. Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock. Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness. Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society.Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life.
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting, playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
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