静态描写,要绘出景物的外形、内涵、色彩和神韵;动态描写,要对事物的动作、声响、神态作细致的描绘,达到景物传神、生动、鲜活的效果。在写景的时候,要把静态描写和动态描写有机结合,使景物既有静态的美,又有动态的美,才能深深地感染读者。例如:在《第一场雪》一课中这样写到:“大雪整整下了一夜。早晨,天放晴了,太阳出来了。推开门一看,嗬!好大的雪啊!山川、树木、房屋,全都罩上了一层厚厚的雪,万里江山变成了粉妆玉砌的世界。落光了叶子的柳树上,挂满了毛茸茸、亮晶晶的银条儿;冬夏常靑的松树和柏树,堆满了蓬松松、沉甸甸的雪球。一阵风吹来,树枝轻轻地摇晃,银条儿和雪球儿簌簌地落下来,玉屑似的雪末儿随风飘扬,映着清晨的阳光,显出一道道五光十色的彩虹。”这个片段的描写作者就利用动静相结合的方法活灵活现地写出了雪后的美景。我们在指导学生写作时,就要生既要有静态描写,又要有动态描写,做到动静结合,构成完美的整体。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
创设情境是激发学生习作动机的一种手段,一般是通过创设具体、生动、独特的表达情境,让学生根据这种情境,展开丰富的想象进行习作。创设的情境要精心设计,要贴近学生的生活,使其具有吸引力,能激发学生的写作冲动。
1、对比情境:即把同一种事物在不同的情境中产生的结果想象出来,加以对比。比如,同学们在打篮球,徐鹏同学投篮时,不小心碰倒一个人。
假如:(1)被碰倒的人是徐鹏的同学;(2)被碰倒的人是学校的大个子;(3)被碰倒的人是徐鹏的老师;(4)被碰倒的人与徐鹏曾经有过矛盾。请学生根据这四种假设,分别想象出徐鹏与碰倒的人在这种情境下,两人当时的表情、语言、动作,以及他们之间发生的事情。
2、特定情境:为表现某一种特定的中心或主题,可以让学生想象设计出符合这一要求的\'生活情节或场景。如:你的老师对大家既和蔼可亲,又严格要求。能能否设计一个具体的生活情节来说明她?试试看。人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,喜、怒、哀、乐在生活中每个人都会遇到。此外,分别、怀念、委屈、后悔、忧伤也无处不在。请你回忆一下,选择一件印象最深、最想说的事写下来。
3、连续情境:它是创设一系列前后连续的情境,要学生依次展开想象进行习作。如情境一:班上的×××同学一连三天都没到校上课,同学们都议论纷纷,你想到了什么,请你用几句话把它写出来。
情境二:第四天早上,×××同学仍然没有来,这时会是怎样的一个场景,你想到了什么?请写出来。
情境三:第五天,×××同学来了,他的父母也来了,并且来了两位中年人。这到底是怎么回事?猜猜看,写出来。这种连续性的情境作文,用一条红索贯穿始终,步步深入地进行训练,有助于学生形成某种表达能力,同时创设一个个有连续性的情境,更能激发学生的写作兴趣,激发他们的想象。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
所谓“寓情于景”就是将自己的感受寄托在景物的描写上。没有感情色彩的景物只不过是苍白的“躯壳”是没有生命力的。在景物描写时,不仅要写出景物的美好,还要写出自己的真实情感,让景物的特点与自己的感情自然交融,浑为一体。这样写出来的文章才能景中含情、情中有景、情景交融,给人以极强的感染力。例如:在《山雨》一课中,作者这样描述:“阳光下,山林的色彩层次多得几乎难以辨认,有墨绿、翠绿,有淡青、金黄,也有火一般的红色。在雨中,所有的色彩都融化在水淋淋的嫩绿之中,绿得耀眼,绿得透明。这清新的绿色在雨雾中流动,流进我的眼睛,流进我的心胸。”这段话描写了雨中山林最富魅力的色彩——“绿”,连用两个“流进”体现了两个层次:这“绿”不光是眼睛看到的,更是用心灵感受的,突出雨中的“绿”那种让人难以忘却的美。通过对山雨色彩美的描述,表达了作者对山雨的喜爱。
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
一旦创业,考虑问题就要全面,大学生创业的弊端在于社会经验不足,动手能力相对于理论而言要稍逊一筹,不能很好的控制创业过程中的挫折失败情绪,甚至就此沮丧,所以,必须拥有良好的心理素质。部分大学生大谈自己的技术和专业,但是却没有了解到运用这些技术和专业的产品市场空间是怎么样的,我们在创业的过程中,要充分利用好互联网或其他有效资源充分认识自身的优点和不足。
国家为鼓励大学在校创业,为提高大学生创业或就业比率,以创业带动就业率,可以在教育部大学生创业服务网,按照相关要求提交高校的自主创业申请,并允许在校学生休学创业,相关政策可以在互联网上了解详细的情况;
首先我们需要清楚创业是需要带来商机的,而商机的本质是服务客户,所以,我们只有脚踏实地的服务和做事,才能清楚的知道客户的需求,只有满足客户需求才能赚到钱。现在不论是互联网还是书本上,都是介绍别人的成功案例,但这些只是换汤不换药,只有形成一套自己的服务或产品模式,清楚其操作原理方案,这样才能从千万竞争者中独树一帜。
关于“大学生在校自主创业好么?该怎么做?”的全部介绍就到这里了,对于大学生来说如果决定了要创业,就要选择一个好的项目,并且要选择适合在校园里做的生意,这样才更容易成功。
经营能力最重要
经营赚钱的能力在创业中是最重要的一项基本素质,只要有非常出色的经营能力,不愁找不到投资者,很多投资家天天都在找好项目进行投资。
很多年轻人在创业时,过多强调资金因素的影响力,其实不然。创业条件中资金虽然很重要,但不是至关重要的,最最重要的是创业者个人的经营能力,特别是业务能力。如果你坚持资金是根本因素,那好,我给你投资1000万,你经营什么,你凭借什么可以确保赚钱?我想,很多人恐怕都无法保证,也不知道投资干什么,所以资金因素不是唯一的决定因素。
在创业初期,创业者个人的能力会受到充分地考验。创业不是一件很轻松的事情,事无巨细,都要自己亲自动手。创业者的个人能力中,业务能力、开发客户能力、综合应变能力是十分重要的。创业者其实很多时候就是一个业务经理,能够拿到订单什么都好办了,很多创业成功者,都是做业务出身。有了客户,有了订单,事情自然变得容易多了。
对于有志创业者而言,不断提高自己的经营能力是至关重要的。从学做业务开始是一个好办法,你有了能力,创业机会自然很多,特别是今天,已经进入靠能力赚钱的\'时代,经营能力更是重中之重。
内部创业更容易
在创业者中,有几种成功的类型,包括自己从零开始独立创业成功者、有技术与他人合作成功者、在企业内部创业成功者。相对而言,第3种创业方式最容易成功。
一个创业者比较好的选择就是有计划有策略地进入一家成功公司,先取得老板的信任,再找准机会,建议老板从公司发展的角度投资新项目,这样创业的机会就有了。作为项目的提出者,自然会被老板赋予重任。很多企业都会有发展新项目的需要,如果冒昧地找人投资,合作机会不会太多,其关键就是一个信任感的问题。萍水相逢,人家为什么要信任你?国内企业管理控制乏力,企业用人时,对忠诚度的在意甚至超过对能力的重视。
从企业内部创业,有很多有利条件:雄厚资本实力的支持、管理的指导、综合资源的共享、业务资源的利用、品牌形象的借助等,如果创业公司的业务与母体公司的业务有延续性或关联性,创起业来更容易成功。
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