相信自己是一种信念,它不是繁花如梦似锦,却如青松雪压不倒。正因为有了这样的信念,我们才会坚持到底,自信永远。
听取意见是一种气度,它不是高天辽阔无际,却如大海容纳百川。正因为有了这样的气度,我们才会集思广益,从善如流。
不是吗?相信自己不意味固执己见;听取意见也不代表亦步亦趋。
唐太宗自由治理国家的雄才大略,他不怀疑自己的才能,但同时也接纳了魏征的“十思”,而不必“劳神苦思,代百司之职役”。
齐王也有管四方,理朝政的能耐,他也不会怀疑自己的才能,但他同时也接受了邹忌的“纳谏”,而使“燕、赵、韩、魏皆朝于齐”。
谁都不会轻易怀疑自己,可谁又能像前人那样善于纳谏,听取别人的意见呢?总以为“相信自己”和“听取别人的意见”势不两立,总以为自己无所不能,或总以为别人无往而不胜,何必呢?我们为什么不能在相信自己,满怀自信的同时打开那一个个布满友爱之心的劝烟箱呢?
相信自己,相信未来,相信明天大地飞歌,相信未来有我们开拓。
相信别人,尊重别人,相信别人为你着想,尊重别人理想的选择。
是的,在人生的旅途中,我们总会遇到困难和挫折,它们如同玫瑰,刺痛了你我的手,但是,心灵的创伤要靠我们自己修补,手上的伤口还得让别人为我们包扎。我们相信自己会战胜困难,但我们从不否定他人的帮助,没有谁能独自生活而没有他人的帮助。
所以,不要固执,偏激,不要一味按自己的意愿行事。有时别人的劝言犹如良药,虽然苦,却能根治你的病痛。也有时,别人的劝言犹如毒药,它的外表也许是鲜美的,但却能要了你的命。所以,我们让需相信自己,有选择地,理性地,明智地对待别人的意见。好的,拿过来就是;不好的,任它去吧,春风吹了又吹,花儿开了又谢,我们管得了那么多吗?
相信自己,你做到了吗?
听取别人的意见,你会吗?
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
习惯是一个人最重要的、最稳定的素质。任何一种能力的形成都是养成好习惯的结果。好习惯是健康人格的基础,是成功人生的根本,更是成功的捷径。许许多多的事例表明:不同的习惯是成功和失败的分水岭,好习惯是开启成功大门的要素,而坏习惯则会导向失败的歧途。
任何一个人在成长过程中都离不开教育,而教育就是培养人的良好习惯。家庭是教育的最好教室,父母是孩子最重要的老师。父母的第一责任是教育孩子,而教育孩子的第一位就是培养孩子的好习惯。教育孩子,先从做一个好父母开始,做好父母,先从培养孩子好习惯开始。
如果说生命是一座五彩缤纷的百花园,那么,好习惯就是这座花园中盛开的一朵美丽的小花,她的果实对生命的成长往往影响深远,就像鸟儿偶尔衔落到一个荒岛上的一粒树种,这不起眼的种子往往就是覆盖荒岛的森林的孕育者,是改变荒岛的“荒之命运”的制造者!
如果说生命是一片充满生机的原野,那么,好习惯就是这片原野上悄然踏出的一条心灵之路,有了这条路,就不会再因误入荆棘之丛而被伤害,就不会在漫漫的岁月里迷失自我;有了这条路,就能去漫游我们的理想之国,就能一天比一天的更走近我们渴望中的新生活。
如果说生命是一部激越高亢的乐章,那么,好习惯就是这部乐章中用不断的拾取愿望的音符独自创作的一首迷人的歌,唱着这首歌,就能享受到生活的节奏之美;唱着这首歌,内心深处就会涌动着一种催促着自己奋发向上的力量。
有一个旅行者,他每到一地,都有寻找奇异的小石子作留念的习惯。有一次,他却在一座山下的一条融雪汇聚成的冰一样的溪流里,发现了一颗硕大的.钻石。是的,好习惯就是让我们不断发现成功钻石的寻宝图,是一本在生命的银行里不断扩展我们人生价值的存折。
每一个孩子都有不同的习惯,养成好习惯使孩子终身受益。反之,一旦养成坏习惯,改变起来就比较困难,不仅会影响孩子的学习、生活、性格、行为等,而且会影响孩子的将来,甚至会耽搁孩子一生的前程。
坏习惯就像是行驶在岁月之海上的理想之轮里的老鼠,早晚有一天会把船底啃穿,使其在不知不觉中沉没,而好习惯则是高挂在这理想之轮上的风帆,有了这风帆,不管是哪个方向的来风都能让它成为推动我们前进的动力,从而把我们送到自己渴望到达的港湾。
一个人的反复的行为便形成了习惯,而习惯又反过来塑造了你独特的自我。因此,好读书和思索的人,收获知识和智慧;处处总是习惯为他人打算的人,收获的是快乐和幸福;遇事总是抱着积极的心态、习惯往好处想的人,收获的一定是成功和人生的辉煌……
有位教育家说:“习惯就仿佛是一条缆绳,我们每日为它缠上一股新索,不要多久就会变得牢不可破。”其实,习惯既可以养成,也可以打破,只是绝非一蹴而就,而是需要长期的养成。习惯左右了成败,习惯改变人的一生。一句话,成也习惯,败也习惯。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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