[1]樊莉.通过英语电影提高高校艺术生的人文素质[J].文学教育,2015(04):132-133.
[2]李烨.提高艺术类学生大学英语学习水平的方法与途径[J].湖北广播電视大学学报,2015,30(12):129-130.
[3]孙晓燕.探索提高艺术类院校学生英语词汇能力的教学策略[J].民族高等教育研究,2015,1(03):80-83.
[4]曹彪.谈对高职艺术类学生的英语教学方法[J].海外英语,2015(07):105.
Dear Daddy,
亲爱的爸爸,
Thank you very much for your letter written to me. In your letter , you not only expressed your expectation to me , but also showed all your love to me . I was deeply moved . Thanks again ,Daddy .You said ," I hope you get bravery and perseverance, and can quickly grasp living skills like a lion ". Now I want to tell you that I will try my best to do everything well and live up to your expectations . Dear father , you are a great lion in my mind .
谢谢你给我写信。在信中,你不仅仅表达了你对我的期望,还展示了你对我所有的爱。我深深感动了。再次谢谢你,爸爸。你说,“我希望你能够变得勇敢和有耐心,并且能像狮子般快速的掌握生活技能。”现在我想说我会尽我最大的.努力把所有事情都做好来达到你的期望。亲爱的爸爸,你是我心中的狮子。
When I am absent mind , when I am depressed, you , my dear father is always there . Your advice and encouragement guide me through many difficulties . Thank you , Dad, for your help and understanding. I love you , Dad ,forever!
当我茫然、绝望时,是你,我亲爱的爸爸永远都在我身边。你的建议和勇气引导我克服许多的困难。谢谢你,爸爸,谢谢你的帮助和理解。我永远爱你,爸爸。
本文对边远地区艺术生的英语教育现状进行了总结,并提出了一些提升教学水平的策略,希望对相关的教育工作者有所帮助。
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说明方法的作用
运用恰当的说明方法,能提高说明语言的形象性、准确性,使说明对象更具体、更生动,让读者更明白,增强说服力。
说明方法的种类
常见的说明方法有举例子、引资料、分类别、列数字、作比较、画图表、下定义、作诠释、打比方、摹状貌、作假设这11种。
小学常见的有:举例子、列数字、打比方、分类别、作比较。
中学常见的有:举例子、列数字、打比方、分类别、作比较、作引用、画图表、下定义、作诠释、摹状貌。
“作假设”小学和初中不常用,一般是到高中才可能学到。
(1)举例子
举出实际事例来说明事物,使所要说明的事物具体化,以便读者理解,这种说明方法叫举例子。
例如:《向沙漠进军》一文中,就举出了新疆和内蒙古沙荒区治沙成功的事例,说明“沙漠是可以征服的”。
运用举事例的说明方法说明事物或事理,一要注意例子的代表性,二要注意例子的适量性。
好处:使文章表达的意思更明确,更生动形象,读者更明白,增强说服力。
(2)引资料
为了使说明的内容更充实具体,可以引用一些文献资料、诗词、俗语、名人名言,可使说明更具说服力。引用资料的范围很广,可以是经典著作,名家名言,公式定律,典故传说,谚语俗语,诗词句等。充当说明的内容或依据来说明、介绍事物。 例如《中国石拱桥》一文,就引用了唐朝张嘉贞的话,说明赵州桥的设计和施工巧妙绝伦。
好处:使文章更具说服力。体现说明文语言的准确性。引用古诗:是说明文更具诗情画意。
(3)作比较
说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物,可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来。
例如《雄伟的人民大会堂》一文中,为了说明宴会厅的建筑面积,作者运用了做比较的方法:“有五千个席位的宴会厅又是另一番景象。它的面积有七千平方米,比一个足球场还大,设计的精巧也是罕见的。”
《看云识天气》一文中,拿云和云作比较。
在作比较的时候,可以是同类相比,也可以是异类相比,可以对事物进行“横比”,也可以对事物进行“纵比”。
好处:说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物,可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。
(4)列数字
为了使所要说明的事物具体化,还可以采用列数字的方法,以便读者理解。需要注意的是,引用的数字,一定要准确无误,不准确的数字绝对不能用,即使是估计的数字,也要有可靠的根据,并力求近似。
例如《死海不死》一文中说明死海的长、宽、深的文字。《雄伟的人民大会堂》一文中,也用一系列数字来说明庄严的人民大会堂是首都最宏伟的建筑之一。《中国石拱桥》:赵州桥非常雄伟,全长50.82米,两端宽9.6米,中部略窄,宽9米。
好处:数字是从数量上说明事物特征或事理的最精确、最科学、最有说服力的依据。(用列数字的方法进行说明,既能准确客观的反映事实情况,又有较强的说服力。)
(5)分类别
要说明事物的特征,往往从单方面不易说清楚,可以根据形状、性质、成因、功用等属性的异同,把事物分成若干类,然后依照类别逐一加以说明。这种说明方法,叫分类别。
运用分类说明法,要按照一定的标准,对事物和事理的不同方面分别加以说明。
例如:《看云识天气》中就分别说明了各种云的形态。
好处:条理清晰,一目了然。
(6)打比方
利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比较,以突出事物的性状特点,增强说明的形象性和生动性的说明方法叫做打比方。
说明方法中的打比方与修辞手法中的比喻是一致的。不同的是,比喻修辞有明喻、暗喻、和借喻,而说明多用明喻和暗喻,借喻则不宜使用。
例如:《中国石拱桥》:石拱桥的.桥洞成弧形,就像彩虹。就用了打比方的说明方法表现出石拱桥的基本特征,给人以美的感觉。
好处:抽象的事理变得具体、生动、形象。(或把事物的特征解说得确切具体、浅显易懂。)
(7)摹状貌
为了使被说明对象更形象、具体,可以进行状貌摹写,这种说明方法叫摹状貌。
如:《中国石拱桥》一文中的 “每个柱头上都雕刻着不同姿态的狮子。这些石刻狮子,有的母子相抱,有的交头接耳,有的像倾听水声,有的像注视行人,千态万状惟妙惟肖。”
注意 摹状貌与打比方是有区别的,简单来说:只要不是明显的比喻,或者只是单一的比喻,一般归入“打比方”中。
好处:为了使被说明对象更形象、具体。
(8)下定义
用简明的语言对某一概念的本质特征作规定性的说明叫下定义。下定义能准确揭示事物的本质,是科技说明文常用的方法。
有时为了突出事物的主要内容和主要问题,往往用简明扼要的话给事物下定义,使读者对被说明对象有个明确的概念。例如《统筹方法》一文中,作者运用了下定义的说明方法,给统筹方法下定义:“统筹方法,是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。”语言简明、扼要、准确。
下定义的时候,可以根据说明的目的需要,从不同的角度考虑。有的着重说明特性,如关于“人”的定义;有的着重说明作用,如关于“肥料”的定义;有的既说明特性又说明作用,如关于“统筹方法”和“应用科学”的定义。
好处:使人们在阅读时对抽象的字词能够更加明白、理解。
(9)作诠释
从一个侧面,在事物的某一个特点做些解释,这种方法叫作诠释。
定义法和诠释法常采用“什么是什么”的语言形式。形式相同,如何区分呢?一般来说,“是”字两边的词语可互换,就是定义;如果不能互换,就是诠释。
例如,“人是能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物”这句话,改成“能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物是人”,意思不变。“雪是在云中形成的一种固态降水物”这句话,如果改为“在云中形成的一种固态降水物是雪”就不符合客观事实,因为在云中形成的一种固态降水物也有可能是冰雹。 由此可以辨别,前一句是定义说明,后一句是诠释说明。
好处:使读者在阅读时对抽象的字词能够更加理解。
(10)画图表
为了把复杂的事物说清楚,还可以采用图表法,来弥补单用文字表达的缺欠,对某些事物解说更直接、更具体。
好处:使人看了一目了然。
(11)作假设
假设说明即用假定的环境来预设将出现的状况说明事物的方法。
例如《太阳》中:“如果没有太阳,地球上将到处是黑暗,到处是寒冷,没有风霜雨露,没有草木野兽,自然也不会有人。”这就强调了太阳与人类的关系非常密切。
好处:从事物的另一方面阐述,以小见大,简单易懂。
When I was a freshman in college I watched the film Gua Sha Treatment for the first time, now I am a junior student and I come back to review the movie from a multicultural aspect, I have many different feelings after watching the film again.
At the beginning of the film, XuDatong is given an award and later he delivers a speech. What makes me impressed most is in his speech he says “one day I will become one of you, a truly successful American, today this award proved that America is a true land of opportunity and I am the living proof of that.” At that moment Xu thinks he has realized his American Dream totally with his lovingly wife and adorable son. However, I think it is ironical that to make a speech like that and I assume it is made on purpose to hind a clue for the story's development. How many non—American people have such a beautiful American dream? One of my classmate studies in American now and before he went aboard he told me his American dream is he can stand at the top of the New York. To be honest, I also dream that one day I can get the Green Card living there happily and successfully maybe working at the Wall Street. When Xu gets the award he thinks he entirely melted in the melting pot neglecting the multicultural obstruct, later the plot goes against the way he thinks. And later Quinlan asked Xu'why you be the scapegoat of your father?' Xu answers 'because he is Chinese.' Then maybe Xu knows that there is always a wide gap between Chinese and American cultures.
The second scene is Xu hit his son Denis because Denis hit the son of xu's boss, at the middle of the film xu tells his boss that he hit his own son is only to show his respect to his boss John Quinlan, that time Quinlan feels puzzled “what a Chinese logic”,yes, American can never understand such a logic full of Chinese characteristic, because they respect everyone including the children, they won't beat a child to please the boss, and there is no such a conception of degree between employee and employer, they feel everyone is equal, which is quite different from china.
Connected to the second scene, the third difference I want to analyze is the care for the children. In America, people pay more attention to the right of children which can be seen from the law—leaving children alone at home is illegal, while in China it is so common that almost everyone may experience such loneliness. And Children Welfare Agency does work in America which shows the importance Americans attach to children's right. What's more, I remember a line 'No one won the case, especially the child.' In my opinion, it also manifests the universal concern from the American public to the children.
The fourth aspect is following the procedure, in the film, more than there times, the people focus on the rule, the law, the procedure. At the Christmas Eve Xu wants to return back to his home pretending as a Santa Claus, what a pity, the security recognizes him and persuades 'you are always a good tenement, never causes troubles for me.' And another scene is at the end of the film , the judge says 'I have to follow the procedure.' However, in China people always have to ask for a favor to do something, and later you have to pay back the favor,for myself, I prefer the American style, strict to the procedure.
The fifth and the last point is the humors, Quinlan says 'you can't fall, your health security is the company paid.' 'Datong, welcome home, maybe next time, you can come from the front door.' 'dady, why you come from the window' ' because we don't have a chimney.' I really adore this distinguished American humor, especially in dangerous situations, which is quite rare in China.
That's my whole reaction to Gua Sha Treatment.
Dear Dad,
Today is fathers day, for so many years Ive been seekig a way to express my heartfelt thanks for all you have done for me. Here comes it!
Thank you for always being there sharing my life when I need you most. Whenever I encounter difficulties, I never feel alone and vulnerable, because you will keep me on the right path. Im blessed to have you.
Thank you for offering me education and teaching me how to be a man. You always inspire me not by words, but by what you have done! Your efforts in the work, your loyalty to your friends, your responsibility for the family and your persistence in the life have already set me good examples in my own life.
Thank you for always appreciating my work, no matter how tiny it is! You have made me realize that its capacity not scores that really counts.
Dad, I love you and I will love you forever!
Yours beloved,
Li Ming
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