It was Sunday. Our teacher Mr Zhu led us to a park nearby.Usually we go to the park to spend our holiday. But today we went there to take part in voluntary labour.
We got there at nine o'clock. Mr Zhu divided us into three groups and then we began working.
The students in Group One planted trees and watered flowers. The studentsin Group Two were busy collecting litter left by the tourist. They also cleaned the benches in the park. I was in Group Three. We went to the children's playground and cleaned all the equipment there. We worked very hard.
At about eleven we finished working. We met at the gate of the park. We all felt tired but very happy.
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
1.准备阶段。小学英语教师首先要做的就是要了解新课标对小学生各个年级段的不同要求,据此设计活动的内容和目标,从而达到提高教学质量,提升学生能力的教学目的。如笔者是在教授句型“what colour is it?”时就采用了活动式教学方法。教学的最终目的是怎样让学生听懂教师用what colour is it?的句型发出指示,学生尽可能快速地作出反应。所以语法的意义可以略讲,发音在活动过程中个别纠正即可。小学英语教师要做的就是先让学生对这个活动产生兴趣,从而提高英语学生的效率。做到了这一点也就达到了本节课的教学目标。
2.活动目标和内容的确定。教学目标一定要明确,此目标就决定的内容应该怎样进行。可以多准备一些五颜六色的Cards,可以设计为听教师提问,然后指定学生回答。之后,教师提问,学生抢答。最后,可以是一个学生提问,其他学生抢答。层层深入,真正做到让学生扎实掌握这一句型,脱口而出用英语。这样设定有利于让学生参与到教学中来,实践证明,这种学习方法效果非常好,每个学生学起来都兴致高昂,掌握熟练。
4.选好角色。这一环节非常重要,关系到整个活动的成败。首先教师的角色定位一定要准,教师是设计者、指挥者和监督员,要随时做好身份的转换。学生的角色也要设定好。如第一轮中,教师提问,学生回答,对于一些基础好的学生可以问难一点儿的颜色,对于一些基础较弱的学生可以提问一些简单的颜色。第二轮中教师要对学生的反应加以点评,表扬先进,鼓励发言不踊跃的,从而达到全体参与的目的。第三轮中,教师分组一定要适当,其中有学习好的,也有学习差的,这样可以优势互补一下。
5.设置好学生座位。心理学表明,不同的学生座位布局会产生不同的教学效果。如果学生分成小组,自由讨论,学生的自由度很大,教师就会自然流动于各个小组,做适时地指导;而如果学生的座位是排成半圆形围绕教师的,那肯定是教师为主,但学生之间也可以面对面地交流,提高了学生的地位,他们也会较为活跃。而对于传统的座位,学生在下,教师在讲台上讲授,教师的地位就非常突出,不利于活动地进行。所以,教师一定要依据班内学生的情况和课程的要求进行座位设定。
6.活动实施。在整个活动的进行中,教师要设置好每一个阶段的分目标,如第一阶段的目标主要是夯实基础,让每一个学生都会说“what colour is it?”而第二个阶段的目标是培养学生的反应能力,激发学生兴趣,第三个阶段的目标是提高学生的表达能力和运用能力。
伍谦光(1995∶200指出:“‘语音歧义’往往是由于句中词语的‘连续’而产生的歧义。”语音歧义多出现于口语中,主要是由上图表中的同音异义词以及部分同形同音异义中的C类(即一些意义不同,但某些语法形式相同的词(Homoforms造成的。下面是一实例:
(22“面包是怎么做的?”
“这我知道!”阿丽丝热心地叫道。
“准备一些面粉(flour——”
“到哪儿去采花(flower?”白女王问道,“花园里还是树篱上?”
“咦,面粉不是采(picked来的,”阿丽丝解释道,
“它是磨(ground出来的——”
“那要多少英亩土地(ground呢?”白女王又问道。
——刘易士·卡罗尔《阿丽丝漫游奇境记》
上面这一段文字因为运用了语音歧义,造成了很好的幽默效果。首先flour与flower是同音异义词,因此白女王把面粉flour理解成了花粉flower。其次阿丽丝用的ground是动词grind(磨碎、碾碎的过去分词,而白女王把ground理解成了“土地”。这一组就是笔者认为的由意义不同、但某些语法形式相同的词(Homoforms造成的语音歧义。
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