独立策展人无疑推动了当代艺术的广泛传播,对于这样一个独特的职业身份,一些艺术家、媒体人、投资商人、评论家、教师等,都在尝试以策展人的身份进行展览策划。在他们看来,独立策展是一种能够创造效益的行为,而他们往往对于展览的文化品位、学术意义、教育意义以及社会效益不甚明了。由此带来专业水平较低、主题阐释不够、无法引发观者共鸣等问题,这些都成为中国当代艺术策展传播所面临的困境,我们必须加强对其的关注。
目前,独立策展人主要分为两类:一类是由不同行业的工作者所组成的非专业群体,他们在策展方面没有太多,属于业余人士,文化意识不强,学术研究能力较弱,无法充分体现展览的主题思想。虽然这些人中不乏对艺术充满兴趣的、具有较强文化意识和学术钻研能力的策展爱好者,他们可以将自己的创意与展览主题相结合,能够赋予艺术作品一定的内涵与价值,但总体来看,这样的人比较少。另一类则是专门从事策展工作的职业策展人,他们具有丰富的策展经验,具有较强的文化意识和学术研究能力,在全面阐释展览主题思想的基础上,能够营造强烈的展览氛围,他们是当代艺术风向的引领者。所以,加强对独立策展人的培养,提高策展人的.策展水平和学术品位,构建完善的策展人制度,充分发挥他们在当代艺术传播中的重要作用,是走出当前困境的解决途径。非专业的策展人最好回归自己的本职工作,以避免因过多参与策展,造成本职工作的延误。否则,不仅无法起到推动当代艺术的策展传播作用,反而会因为理论研究的落后而影响当代艺术的健康发展。只有将当代艺术策展传播中存在的问题解决好,才能推动中国当代艺术的可持续发展。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
北京市我国的首都,那里的景色优美,名胜古迹数不胜数,别列入世界世界文化遗产的景点也很多,比如:故宫、颐和园、长城、天坛等,但我觉得最为壮观的还要数长城了!
长城又称万里长城,主要分布在河北、北京、天津、山西、陕西等十五个省市区,全场8000多公里。它高约8米,大概有3—4层楼那么高。宽5—6米,五、六匹马可以一并而行。长城的上的景点数不胜数,比较著名的景点有山海关、嘉峪关、九门口长城、八达岭长城、镇北台长城等。现在保存最好的长城,主要是位于北京的八达岭长城,它位于北京市延庆区是中国古代伟大的防御工程,万里长城的重要组成部分,是明长城的一个隘口。
长城修筑的历史可上溯到西周时期,发生在西周的著名典故“烽火戏诸侯”就源于此。春秋战国时期的列国争霸,互相防守,使得长城的的修筑进入第一次高潮。历史上最大规模开始修建长城并将长城连成一线是在秦始皇统一天下之后。此后历代都在不断修建,最后大规模修建长城的朝代是明朝,因此我们现在看见的长城大多数是明朝修建的。长城之东向西,东起山海关,西至嘉峪关。它的主要作用是作为中原王朝防备北方游牧民族入侵的屏障。
长城的地基全是由千余斤重的花岗岩砌成。哨岗全都采用大型城砖用糯米灰浆砌筑,其重量达到了千余斤。很难想象在科技并不发达的古代,中国劳动人民竟能用自己的血肉之躯铸就了这万里长城。走在长城之上,一座座绵延起伏的山峰,一棵棵参天大树,那磅礴恢弘的气势不禁让人对它产生敬畏之情它是中华民族勤劳勇敢和高度智慧的结晶。它坐落在崇山峻岭中,迂回曲折。它历尽沧桑,是中国古代历史的见证人和博物馆,它抵御外族的侵略,见证过中华民族的的战争和和平,祖国的分裂和统一。
中国幅员辽阔,拥有众多的自然和人文景观。世界各国朋友来到中国后,最喜欢去参观游览的地方就是长城。“不到长城非好汉”这句名言让长城举世闻名,世界上各个国家的人们都知道它。就连其他国家的***,来到中国后都专程去游览长城,由此可见长城的魅力是多么的大。
长城,它是一座不朽的丰碑,屹立于世界的东方,蜿蜒于上下前年,纵横于万里广阔的时空。它是中国著名的文化历史遗产,是世界上最为著名的建筑奇迹之一,它展示的'不止是一种恢弘的浩然之气,它所体现的是一个伟大民族的气质和一种崇高的民族精神。它就像一条巨龙,横卧在中国大地,它是中国人民不屈不挠,勇于抗争的民族精神象征,它永远屹立在世界的东方!
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
南浔古镇地处江浙两省交界处,有江南蚕丝名镇的美誉。南浔古镇景区占地面积为34。27平方公里,古镇的旅游景点分为三大区块,第一块是南浔旅游景点富集区,其中内有张右铭故居、刘氏梯号,等景点分布其中。第二块是由小莲庄,嘉业堂,文园,等几点组成的中心景区。第三块是以东街以东的张静江故居,和百间楼为主的东北区块。
第二块景区——小莲庄面积为17399平方米。原为刘氏家庙,从光绪十一年(开始,在池周补植花柳,重栽菡萏,布置台榭,启建家庙,历时四十载,于1924年完成。因慕元代书画家赵孟頫湖州莲花庄,而自名“小莲庄”。我们可以从外面清晰地看到里面的荷花池中的荷花很多,如同天上的星空皓月一般,那蓝天衬托着荷花池,给我一种画一般的美感。
富集区中的张氏故居被简洁的白墙包围着,没有一丝夸张,宅院面临着小河。走进张石故居的大门,吸引人的是中西合璧的建筑物完美的融合了中西文化,这座建筑物不仅有西方的浪漫情调,还融入了很多中华的雕刻技艺,有栩栩如生的砖雕门楼,房梁上的小动物,门窗上的人物,山水雕刻都那么栩栩欲活,令人叹为观止,久久沉醉于古人的情趣品味中。庭院中,耸立的假山,清澈的人造湖,安静的凉亭构成了一副朴实又毫无夸张的画面。最简单的绿植,却看起来是碧玉那么纯洁无瑕。小桥流水与大宅园交相辉映,呈现了人间仙境一般的景色。
最吸引我的是夏季古镇的夜景。去年的暑假,古镇是我们一家人每天晚上打卡的地方,我们一家还没有进古镇的大门就看见里面被一层烟雾和绿光笼罩。走进去,浔溪两旁冒出白色的烟雾,加上绿色的灯光仿佛来到了传说中的瑶池,河岸两边挤满了人都在分分拍照留念。我被一种动听的音乐吸引了,拉着爸爸妈妈往有音乐的地方走去,一会我们来到了一座石桥旁,见桥上帘子一样的东西,帘子里隐约能看到人,我们走到桥正前方的河岸仔细地看着,原来那帘子是水,帘子上所看到的人是投影。这种景象我还是第一次看见,妙不可言。不一会我们就来到了小莲庄外的小公园,这里景色更是迷人一棵棵绿色的大树,冒出白色的浓烟还有绿色的灯光再加上河里的景色,让人叹为观止。这种景象我只正西游记里看到过,没有想到在南浔古镇也能看到,应该是“此景只应天上有,人间哪得几回闻。”
“山月不知心里事,水风空落眼前花,摇曳碧云斜。”南浔就像一幅画卷,只有慢慢地打开,才能感受到他独特的美。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
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